Magneto-optical absorption spectroscopy

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Table of contents

Introduction 
Chapter 1 – Investigation techniques of Dirac matter: ARPES and IR magneto-spectroscopy 
1. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)
2. Magneto-optical absorption spectroscopy
2.1. Sample preparation for measurement
2.1.1. Sample probe
2.1.2. Sample holder
2.1.3. Bolometer
2.2. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) interferometer
2.2.1. Operating principle of the FTIR interferometer
2.2.2. Infrared light sources
2.3. Cryostat and superconducting coil
2.4. Data acquisition
References
Chapter 2 – Magneto-optics in multilayer epitaxial graphene 
1. Electronic properties of graphene
1.1. Ideal graphene
1.2. Bilayer graphene
1.3. Trilayer graphene
1.4. Multilayer graphene
2. Fabrication methods of graphene
2.1. Mechanical exfoliation
2.2. Chemical exfoliation
2.3. Chemical vapor deposition
2.4. Epitaxy by thermal decomposition of SiC substrate
3. Magneto-spectroscopy in graphene 
3.1. Ideal graphene
3.2. Bilayer graphene
3.3. Trilayer graphene
4. Experimental results 
4.1. C-terminated face multilayer epitaxial graphene
4.1.1. Fabrication of C-terminated MEG samples
4.1.2. Dirac Landau level spectroscopy in monolayer and bilayer graphenes
4.1.3. Disorder effect on magneto-optical transitions
4.2. Si-terminated face multilayer epitaxial graphene
4.2.1. Fabrication of Si-terminated MEG samples
4.2.2. Electronic band structure of trilayer graphene from ARPES experiment
4.2.3. Infrared magneto-transmission results of trilayer graphene
5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 – A brief overview of topological matter 
1. Topological insulators
1.1. Historical overview
1.1.1. Quantum Hall effect
1.1.2. Quantum spin Hall effect
1.2. Theoretical notions of topological states of matter
1.2.1. Berry phase
1.2.2. Topological invariants
1.3. Theoretical prediction and experimental realization of Z2 topological insulators
1.3.1. 2D topological insulator: QSHE in CdTe/HgTe/CdTe quantum wells
1.3.2. 3D topological insulator: Bi-based compounds
2. Topological crystalline insulators
2.1. Crystal structure
2.2. Band inversion
2.3. Topological surface Dirac cones in different bulk Brillouin zone orientations
2.4. Electronic band structure of Pb1-xSnxSe and Pb1-xSnxTe
2.4.1. Electronic band structure of nontrivial Pb1-xSnxTe alloy
2.4.2. Electronic band structure of nontrivial Pb1-xSnxSe alloy
2.5. Valley anisotropy
3. Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang Hamiltonian for topological matter
Chapter 4 – Magneto-optical investigation of topological crystalline insulators: IV-VI compounds 
1. Dirac Landau levels of IV-VI semiconductors
1.1. Landau levels of the longitudinal valley
1.2. Landau levels of the oblique valleys
1.3. Landau levels of the topological surface states
2. Growth and characterization of (111) Pb1-xSnxSe and Pb1-xSnxTe epilayers
2.1. Molecular beam epitaxy growth
2.2. X-ray diffraction
2.3. Electrical transport characterization
3. Magneto-optical Landau level spectroscopy of Dirac fermions in (111) Pb1-xSnxSe
3.1. Bulk states in (111) Pb1-xSnxSe
3.2. Topological surface states in (111) Pb1-xSnxSe
4. Magneto-optical Landau level spectroscopy of Dirac fermions in (111) Pb1-xSnxTe
4.1. Bulk states in (111) Pb1-xSnxTe
4.2. Topological surface states in (111) Pb1-xSnxTe
5. Magneto-optical determination of a topological index
5.1. (111) Pb1-xSnxSe
5.2. (111) Pb1-xSnxTe
6. Validity of the massive Dirac approximation
7. Valley anisotropy in IV-VI compounds
7.1. Pb1-xSnxSe
7.2. Pb1-xSnxTe
8. Absence of the band gap closure across the topological phase transition in Pb1-xSnxTe
9. Conclusion and perspectives
References 
Conclusion and outlook 
Appendix