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Table of contents
1 The diversity of metacognition
1.1 How to define metacognition?
1.1.1 Representational dimension: Meta-level and object-level
1.1.2 Behavioral dimension: First-order and second-order
1.1.3 Consciousness dimension: State of awareness
1.2 Different forms of metacognition
1.2.1 Direct tests of metacognition
High-level metacognition
Low-level metacognition
1.2.2 Indirect tests of metacognition
Evidence in human animals
Evidence in non-human animals
1.3 Summary
2 A comparison of the field of metaperception and metamemory
2.1 Methodological comparison
2.1.1 Measures of metacognition: direct tests
2.1.2 The quantification of metacognition
Metacognitive sensitivity
Metacognitive bias
2.2 Theoretical comparison
2.2.1 Relationship between metacognition and task performance
Models of confidence formation
Theoretical accounts of metamemory
2.2.2 Dissociation between metacognition and task performance
Behavioral and neuronal evidence
Post-decisional and second-order models of confidence
Cue-utilization in metamemory judgements
2.3 Conclusions
3 Introduction to empirical chapters
3.1 Investigating metacognition across domains
3.1.1 The domain-generality and domain-specificity debate
3.1.2 Domain-generality in metacognition
3.2 Methodological considerations
3.2.1 Objectives
3.2.2 Material selection
3.2.3 Data and statistical modelling
3.3 Aims of the thesis
4 Is there aGfactor for metacognition? Correlations in retrospective metacognitive sensitivity across tasks
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Method
4.2.1 Participants
4.2.2 Materials and procedure
4.2.3 Data and statistical analyses
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Type 1 performance
4.3.2 Confidence level
4.3.3 Metacognitive efficiency
4.3.4 Supplementary results
Preregistered analyses
Comparison between hierarchical and non hierarchical models .
4.4 Discussion
5 Metacognitive domain specificity in FOKs but not RCJs
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Method
5.2.1 Participants
5.2.2 Materials and procedure
5.2.3 Data and statistical analyses
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Type 1 performance
5.3.2 Metacognitive bias
5.3.3 Metacognitive efficiency
5.3.4 Exploratory analyses
Logistic regressions
Correlational analyses
5.4 Discussion
6 Investigate ease-of-processing in metacognition formemoryand visual perception
6.1 Experiment 1: Perceptual fluency induces by prior exposure effects on metacognition for visual perception
6.1.1 Overview
6.1.2 Method
Participants
Material and procedure
Data and statistical analyses
6.1.3 Results
First-order performance
Metacognitive efficiency
Metacognitive bias
Relationship with recognition memory
Exploratory analyses
6.1.4 Brief discussion
6.2 Experiment 2: The effect of conceptual fluency on metacognitive judgements
for visual perception
6.2.1 Overview
6.2.2 Method
Participants
Material and procedure
Data and statistical analyses
6.2.3 Results
First-order performance
Metacognitive efficiency
Metacognitive bias
Exploratory analyses
6.2.4 Brief discussion
6.3 Experiment 3: Theword heuristic as conceptual fluency effect on metacognition
for episodic memory
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Method
Participants
Material and procedure
Data and statistical analyses
6.3.3 Results
First-order performance
Metacognitive efficiency
Metacognitive bias
Exploratory analyses
6.3.4 Brief discussion
6.4 General discussion
7 General discussion and perspectives
7.1 Summary of results
7.2 Implications for research on metacognition
7.2.1 Experience-based and information-based metacognition
Information-based metacognition
Experience-based metacognition
A proposal for metacognitive judgement formation
7.2.2 Metamemory and metaperception
Qualitative differences
Using the meta-d framework in memory and perception tasks
7.2.3 Implications for dimensions of metacognition
The representational dimension
The behavioural dimension
The consciousness dimension
7.3 Other implications
7.3.1 Implication for memory research
7.3.2 Implication for neuropsychology and psychiatry
7.3.3 Conclusion
A A review of metacognition and self-awareness in Multiple Sclerosis
B A multidimensional assessment of metacognition across domains in Multiple Sclerosis
C In the here and now: Short term memory predictions are preserved in Alzheimer’s disease
