High Energy Positive Materials

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Table of contents

General Introduction
Chapter I. State of the art
I.1. Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
I.1.a. Li-ion Battery Working Principle and Characteristics
I.1.b. Positive Materials for Li-ion Batteries
I.1.c. High Energy Positive Materials
I.2. Cation Disordered Rocksalts as Positive Materials
I.2.a. The first cation disordered rocksalts: stoichiometric compositions
I.2.b. Lithium diffusion mechanism through cation disordered rocksalts
I.3. Li-rich Cation Disordered Rocksalt Oxides
I.3.a. Li3NbO4 based cation disordered rocksalt oxides
I.3.b. Li2TiO3 based cation disordered rocksalt oxides
I.3.c. Li4MoO5 based cation disordered rocksalt oxides
I.4. Li-rich Cation Disordered Rocksalt Sulfides
I.4.a. Li2TiS3 based cation disordered rocksalt sulfides
I.4.b. Li3NbS4 based cation disordered rock salt sulfides
I.5. Redox Activity in Disordered Rocksalts
I.6. Conclusion
Chapter II: Experimental Procedures
II.1. Synthesis Methods
II.2. Structural Characterizations
II.3. Electrochemical Characterizations
Chapter III: Development of New Li2.2NiTi0.2Nb0.6O4 Positive Material in Disordered Rocksalt Structure
III.1. Synthesis Improvement
III.1.a. Simple tempering (long firing) and quenching strategies
III.1.b. Effect of washing (type of solvent)
III.1.c. Effect of molten salt to precursor ratio
III.1.d. Molten salt synthesis with a different eutectic salt (LiCl-KCl)
III.1.e. Effect of calcination temperature and duration
III.2. Understanding Studies
III.2.a. Ex Situ X-ray Diffraction Analysis
III.2.b. In Situ X-ray Diffraction Analysis
III.3. Conclusion
Chapter IV: Developing Li-rich Rocksalt Metal Sulfides-Selenides: Li2TiSexS3-x
IV.1. Disordered Li2TiS3 as a Positive Electrode
IV.1.a. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Li2TiS3 Powders
IV.1.b. Electrochemical Performance of Li2TiS3
IV.1.c. Air Sensitive Property of Li2TiS3
IV.2. Selenium Substituted Li2TiS3
IV.2.a. Synthesis Improvements
IV.2.b. Electrochemical performances of Li2TiSexS3-x
IV.3. Conclusion
Chapter V: Characterization of Li2TiSexS3-x Compositions
V.1. Operando Neutron Diffraction of Li2TiS3
V.2. Understanding Degradation: Study of the Structural Property by ex situ XRD
V.2.a. Ex situ XRD and SEM Analyses of Li2TiS3 electrodes
V.2.b. Ex situ XRD and SEM Analyses of Li2TiSexS3-x electrodes
V.3. XPS Analysis of Li2TiSexS3-x Compositions
V.3.a. Methodology: Analysis of XPS Spectra
V.3.b. Survey analysis of Li2TiSexS3-x samples
V.3.c. High Resolution XPS Analysis of Li2TiSexS3-x Powders
V.3.d. XPS Analysis of Li2TiSexS3-x Pristine Electrodes
V.3.e. XPS Analysis on Li2TiSexS3-x Electrodes at Different States of Charge
V.4. Discussion on the XPS Results
V.5. Conclusion
General Conclusion and Perspectives
Bibliography
Appendix