Cytoplasmic male sterilities are the result of a cytonuclear incompatibility

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
1.1 Cytoplasmic male sterilities in the context of owering plant reproduction
1.1.1 Reproduction systems in owering plants
1.1.2 Gynodioecy and cytoplasmic male sterility
1.1.3 Male gametophyte development
1.2 Cytoplasmic male sterilities are the result of a cytonuclear incompatibility
1.2.1 The plant cell is composed of three genomes that must cooperate and have co-evolved
1.2.2 Genomic conict in cytoplasmic male sterilities
1.3 Cytoplasmic male sterility associated genes and nuclear restorers
1.3.1 Cytoplasmic genes associated to male sterility
1.3.2 The restoration of fertility
1.4 The plant mitochondria functions and their role in cytoplasmic male sterilities
1.4.1 Energy production through oxidative phosphorylation
1.4.2 Redox homeostasis in the regulation of cellular processes and response to stress: a central role for mitochondria
1.4.3 Mitochondria and the cell cycle
1.4.4 Main hypotheses to explain cytoplasmic male sterilities
1.5 The Sha cryptic cytoplasmic male sterility of A. thaliana
1.5.1 A gametophytic cytoplasmic male sterility system in A. thaliana .
1.5.2 The mitochondrial orf117Sha is strongly suspected to cause cytoplasmic male sterility
1.5.3 Objectives of the study
2 Results 
2.1 Analysis of the orf117Sha gene expression in dierent nuclear backgrounds
2.1.1 orf117Sha mRNA accumulation in sterile and fertile lines, and in vegetative and reproductive tissues
2.1.2 orf117Sha transcript processing in the sterile and restored lines .
2.1.3 ORF117SHA protein accumulation in sterile and restored lines
2.2 Production of transgenic plants to phenocopy the CMS
2.2.1 Expression prole of the promoters in pollen development
2.2.2 Production and characterization of transgenic plants
2.3 Analysis of cytological events during abortion
2.3.1 Identication of the developmental stage at which the abortion starts
2.3.2 Verication of the male germ lineage fate
2.3.3 Mitochondria morphology during pollen development
2.4 Mitochondrial functions in sterile and fertile lines
2.4.1 In gel analysis of respiratory complexes
2.4.2 ATP production in sterile and fertile lines
2.4.3 Glutathione pool redox state in sterile and fertile lines
2.4.4 AOX response in sterile and fertile lines
3 Discussion 
3.1 Is the orf117Sha the sterilizing gene?
3.1.1 Expression of the orf117Sha
3.1.2 Functional evidence for the role of orf117Sha in CMS
3.1.3 Concluding remarks on the role of the orf117Sha in male sterility
3.2 How does a mitochondrial gene cause pollen abortion in CMS?
3.2.1 Chronology of pollen death
3.2.2 Physiological modications in sterilizing mitochondria
3.2.3 Possible mechanisms causing the Sha cytoplasmic male sterility .
3.3 General conclusions and perspectives
4 Material and methods 
4.1 Material
4.1.1 Plant material
4.1.2 Bacteria
4.1.3 Vectors
4.1.4 Antibodies
4.1.5 Oligonucleotides
4.2 Methods
4.2.1 Biological material culture
4.2.2 Nucleic acids analyses
4.2.3 Cloning and vector constructions
4.2.4 Biochemistry: proteins analysis
4.2.5 Cytological approaches
Bibliography