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Table of contents
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
1. Impact of heat stress on plant development
1.1. Impact of climate change on crop productivity
1.1.1. Climate change and yield projections
1.1.2. Heat stress impact on phenology
1.2. Heat stress impacts on plant physiology
1.2.1. Heat damage on photosynthesis and respiration
1.2.2. Heat perturbation on cell organization
2. The heat stress response
2.1. Early signalling cascade
2.2. Transcriptional factors
2.2.1. Heat shock factors
2.2.2. Other transcriptional factors involved in the HSR
2.3. Implication of hormones in thermotolerance
2.4. Protective mechanisms
2.4.1. Heat shock proteins
2.4.2. ROS balance
2.4.3. Metabolic adaptation
3. Mitochondrion and chloroplast: two essential organelles in plant
3.1. Metabolic hubs
3.2. Communicating organelles: anterograde and retrograde signalling
3.3. Dynamic organelles
4. Thesis aims
CHAPTER II- SEEDLINGS MAINTAINED IN A DEVELOPMENTAL STEADY STATE TO STUDY STRESS TOLERANCE
1. Introduction
2. Publication
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Materials and methods
2.2.1. Plant material
2.2.2. Biomass measurements
2.2.3. Oxygen measurements
2.2.4. Western blot
2.2.5. Metabolic profiling
2.2.6. Optical and transmission electron microscopy
2.2.7. Enzyme assays
2.2.8. Statistical analyses
2.3. Results
2.3.1. Prolonging early seedling life
2.3.2. Energy metabolism maintenance under developmental arrest
2.3.3. Metabolic adaptation to mineral nutrient starvation
2.3.4. Carbon mobilization and storage during germination and seedling life
2.4. Discussion
2.5. Acknowledgements
2.6. References
2.7. Supporting Information
CHAPTER III- PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR ACCLIMATION TO HEAT STRESS IN ARABIDOPSIS SEEDLINGS
1. Introduction
2. Results and discussion
2.1. Heat stress regimes
2.2. Respiratory and photosynthetic acclimation
2.2.1. Measurements during stress at 38°C or 43°C
2.2.2. Measurements at 38°C or 43°C at the end of stress application
2.2.3. Measurements at 25°C after heat stress and during recovery
2.2.4. Chlorophyll fluorescence after heat-shock
2.2.5. Overview of energy metabolism responses
2.3. Heat stress response of organelle dynamics
CHAPTER IV- MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO HEAT TREATMENTS
1. Introduction
2. Transcriptomics
2.1. Strategy
2.2. Results and discussion
2.2.1. General heat stress response
2.2.2. Specific responses of priming
2.2.3. Specific responses in heat-shocked samples
2.2.4. Mitochondria and chloroplast heat stress response
3. Proteomics
3.1. Methods
3.2. Results and discussion
3.2.1. Core response
3.2.2. Specific responses of primed samples
3.2.3. Specific responses of heat-shocked samples
3.2.4. Data integration between transcriptomic and proteomic analyses
4. Metabolic profiling
4.1. Methods
4.2. Results and discussion
4.2.1. Profiling of polar primary metabolites
4.2.2. Fatty acid profiling
5. Conclusion
6. Supporting Information
CHAPTER V- HEAT STRESS MEMORY AND HSPS
1. Introduction
2. Results and discussion
GENERAL DISCUSSION AND PERSPECTIVES
1. High resilience of seedlings
2. Effect of priming on heat shock response
3. Critical step of the recovery phase in thermotolerance
4. Perspectives
MATERIAL AND METHODS
1. Plant material and growth conditions
2. Heat stress regimes
3. Green pixel detection and viability assay
4. Measurements of respiration and photosynthesis
4.1. Oxygraphy
4.2. Chlorophyll fluorescence
5. Organelle dynamics
5.1. Live cell imaging
5.2. Quantification of organelle dynamics
6. Transcriptomic analysis
6.1. RNA extraction and sequencing
7. Proteome analysis
8. Metabolic profiling
9. Western blot
REFERENCES
