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Table of contents
Chap. 1 – QUATERNARY CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
1.1 Quaternary climate variability
1.2 The timescales of climate changes
1.3 Quaternary environmental changes: a short overview
1.4 The natural archives of paleoclimate history
1.4.1 Loess deposits
1.5 Climatic tales from the Vostok ice core
1.6 Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation
Chap. 2 – MINERAL DUST IN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM, TODAY AND IN THE PAST
2.1 Aerosol and dust
2.2 Mineralogical nature of aeolian dust
2.3 The role of mineral dust on climate
2.4 The knowledge for present time
2.4.1 Atmospheric dust load
2.4.2 Common characteristics of source terrains identified by satellite observations
2.4.3 Source regions at global scale
2.4.4 Principal dust “hot spots” in the Southern Hemisphere
2.5 The Last Glacial Maximum
2.5.1 The LGM atmospheric dust load: evidence from paleoclimate proxies
2.5.2 The climatic and environmental conditions during the LGM
2.5.3 The atmospheric dust load and the potential source regions: evidence from model simulations
Chap. 3 – MINERAL DUST CYCLE FROM THE SOURCE TO THE SINK: CONCENTRATION AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES
3.1 Dust mobilization at the source, “source strength”
3.2 The long-range transport
3.2.1. The horizontal dimension
3.2.2 The vertical dimension
3.3 The sink: dust in polar ice cores
3.3.1 Dust concentration: what information?
3.3.2 Dust size distribution: what information?
Chap. 4 – IDENTIFICATION OF DUST ORIGIN THROUGH THE Sr-Nd ISOTOPIC SIGNATURE
4.1 An introduction to the Rb-Sr isotopic systems
4.1.1 Geochemistry of Rb and Sr
4.2 An introduction to the Samarium and Neodymium isotopic systems
4.2.1 Geochemistry of Sm and Nd
4.3 The 87Sr/86Sr versus 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios
4.3.1 The Sr-Nd correlation diagram
4.4 87Sr/86Sr – 143Nd/144Nd isotopic signature as tracer for sediment provenance
4.4.1 The conditions of applicability and limits of the method
Chap. 5 – ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
5.1 Dust concentration and size distribution measurements
5.1.1 Decontamination and sample preparation
5.1.2 The measurement: principle, handling operations, limits of the technique
5.2 Analytical procedures and Sr-Nd measurements of PSA samples
5.2.1 Size selection
5.2.2 Leaching procedure
5.2.3 Sr and Nd extraction
5.2.4 Isotopic analysis of PSA samples
5.3 Analytical procedures and Sr-Nd measurements of Ice Core Dust (ICD)
5.3.1 Dust extraction from ice cores
5.3.2 Sr and Nd extraction from ice core dust
5.3.3 Isotopic analysis
Chap. 6 – THE SAMPLES ANALYZED IN THIS STUDY
6.1 Samples measured for dust concentration and size distribution
6.1.1 EPICA-Dome C ice core
6.1.2 The VOSTOK BH7 (VK-BH7) ice core
6.1.3 The Dome B (DB) ice core
6.1.4 The Komsomolskaia (KMS) ice core
6.2 Samples selected for Sr -Nd geochemical analysis
6.2.1 The PSA samples
6.2.2 Ice Core Dust samples
Chap. 7 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ABOUT DUST PROVENANCE
7.1 The isotopic signature of ice core dust
7.1.1 Glacial dust
7.1.2 interglacial dust
7.2 The signature of the PSAs of the Southern Hemisphere
7.2.1 Southern South America
7.2.2 New Zealand
7.2.3 The non-glaciated areas of Antarctica
7.2.4 South Africa
7.3 Discussion
7.3.1 The dust provenance in glacial periods
7.3.2 The interglacials
7.3.3 The Sr contribution from carbonates
Chap. 8 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ABOUT DUST VARIABILITY
8A: THE LAST CLIMATIC TRANSITION
8A.1 The first dust record from EPICA-Dome C (EDC) ice core
8A.2 High resolution EDC dust record: the last deglaciation and the Holocene
8A.3 Dome B, EDC and Komsomolskaya: two poles apart inside East Antarctica.
8B: DUST VARIABILITY IN THE HOLOCENE
8B.1 Holocene dust records from Vostok-BH7 and EPICA Dome C ice cores
8B.2 Holocene dust variability in the Dome B ice core
8B.3 Comparing the different sites
8B.3.1 Dome B and EDC ice cores
8B.3.2 Dome B, EDC and Vostok dust size spectra solar variability
8B.3.3 Periodicities nested in the dust concentration records
8C: A TENTATIVE SCENARIO FOR LGM AND HOLOCENE DUST TRANSPORT
8C.1 Factors influencing dust advection
8C.2 Dust variability over East Antarctica: a response to the atmospheric circulation patterns
8D: LATE QUATERNARY EDC DUST RECORD
Appendix I : Sm-Nd dating and Sr-Nd isotopic signature of a bedrock inclusion from Lake Vostok accretion ice
Appendix II : Supplementary tables
Appendix III : List of publication outcome from this thesis
References
