Magnetotail dynamics

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
2 Earth’s Magnetosphere 
2.1 Steady magnetic eld
2.1.1 Internal sources: Geomagnetic dynamo
2.1.2 External sources: current in space
2.1.3 Ring current
2.1.4 Field-aligned currents3
2.2 Variation in magnetic eld
2.2.1 Reversals of magnetic eld
2.2.2 Geomagnetic storms
2.2.3 Magnetospheric substorms
2.2.4 Plasma instabilities
3 Electromagnetic drift instability 
3.1 Theoretical formalism
3.1.1 Equilibrium state
3.1.2 Perturbed distribution functions
3.1.3 Charge density and parallel current perturbations
3.2 Electromagnetic drift wave dispersion relation
3.2.1 Electron contribution to the dispersion relation
3.2.2 Ion contribution to the dispersion equation
3.2.3 Dispersion relation for drift-Alfven waves
3.3 Results
4 Observational analysis 
4.1 Auroral Development
4.2 Magnetotail dynamics
4.3 Comparison with the kinetic theory
4.4 Conclusion
5 Radiation environment during geomagnetic reversal 
5.1 Cosmic rays
5.2 Geomagnetic dynamo model
5.3 Problem setup. Numerical model
5.4 Radiation in the near-Earth space and on the ground
5.5 Conclusion
6 Generalization of Stormer theory 
6.1 Magnetic eld model
6.2 Stormer’s theory and its development for a quadrupole eld
6.3 Superposition of the dipole and quadrupole elds
6.4 Conclusions
7 Atmospheric escape during geomagnetic reversal 
7.1 Dayside magnetopause and plasmapause sizes
7.1.1 Magnetopause
7.1.2 Magnetosphere and Plasmasphere
7.1.3 Plasmaspheric plumes and wind
7.2 Ion acceleration mechanisms
7.2.1 Polar wind
7.2.2 Auroral wind
7.2.3 Dipole-quadrupole magnetosphere
7.2.4 Ion pickup
7.3 Conclusion
8 Conclusion 
Bibliography