Kinetic mechanisms of dust combustion

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Table of contents

1 STANDARDIZED METHODS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE FLAMMABILITY AND EXPLOSIBILITY OF THE COMBUSTIBLE DUSTS
1.1 DUST EXPLOSIONS
1.2 THE DUST EXPLOSION HEXAGON
1.3 MECHANISMS OF DUST EXPLOSIONS
1.3.1 Kinetic mechanisms of dust combustion
1.3.2 Deflagrations and detonations in dust explosions
1.4 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE DUST IGNITABILITY
1.4.1 MINIMUM IGNITION TEMPERATURE (MIT) OF A DUST CLOUD
1.4.2 MINIMUM EXPLOSIBLE CONCENTRATION (MEC) AND MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY (MIE)
1.4.3 MINIMUM OXYGEN CONCENTRATION (MOC)
1.4.4 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
1.5 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE EXPLOSIVITY OF A DUST CLOUD 22
1.5.1 MAXIMUM PRESSURE AND MAXIMUM RATE OF PRESSURE RISE
1.5.2 LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITY
1.5.3 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
1.6 INFLUENTIAL PARAMETERS
1.6.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (PSD)
1.6.2 INITIAL TURBULENCE
1.6.3 DUST FRAGMENTATION AND AGGLOMERATION
1.6.4 MOISTURE CONTENT
1.6.5 ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS
1.7 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STANDARDS
1.7.1 APPLICABILITY OF THE STANDARDS IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROMETRIC PARTICLES
1.7.2 EMERGING TOPICS: NANOMETRIC PARTICLES AND HYBRID MIXTURES .
1.8 CONCLUSIONS
1.9 LIST OF VARIABLES
1.10 REFERENCES
2 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF SOLIDS DISPERSIONS
2.1 COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF A GAS-SOLID FLOW
2.1.1 Numerical methods applied for the description of a homogeneous or heterogeneous system
2.1.2 Selection criteria for the computational approach
2.1.3 Numerical description of the gas flow turbulence
2.1.4 Implementation of the DES model in the CFD simulations
2.1.5 Lagrangian approach for the description of the dispersion process of the combustible dust
2.2 APPLICATION OF THE COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ON THE DESCRIPTION OF GAS-SOLID MIXTURES
2.3 APPLICATION OF THE COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ON DUST EXPLOSIONS
2.3.1 Characterization of the flame velocity
2.3.2 Description of dust explosions with the FLACS-DustEx code
2.4 SUMMARY
2.5 LIST OF VARIABLES
2.6 REFERENCES
3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DUST DISPERSION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE EXPLOSIBILITY PARAMETERS
3.1 COMBUSTIBLE DUSTS ANALYZED
3.1.1 Aluminum
3.1.2 Wheat starch
3.1.3 Adjustment of the particle size distribution to the Rosin-Rammler equation
3.2 GRANULOMETRIC ANALYSES
3.3 DIGITAL PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY (DPIV)
3.3.1 Continuous wave laser
3.3.2 Tracer particles
3.3.3 Image analysis
3.4 DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRESSURIZED GAS INJECTION
3.4.1 Mass balance
3.4.2 Analysis of the high-speed videos
3.4.3 Transient pressure of the vessel
3.4.4 Transient pressure of the vessel
3.4.5 Gas velocity and Reynolds number
3.4.6 Pressure drop of the gas flow
3.4.7 Description of the gas injection into the modified Hartmann tube
3.5 DETERMINATION OF THE DUST DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS INSIDE THE MODIFIED HARTMANN TUBE
3.5.1 Experimental setup
3.5.2 Set of experiments
3.6 DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DUST DISPERSION INSIDE THE 20 L SPHERE
3.6.1 Experimental setup
3.6.2 Dispersion nozzles
3.6.3 Set of experiments
3.6.4 Experimental analyses
3.6.5 Determination of the ignition delay
3.7 CONCLUSIONS
3.8 LIST OF VARIABLES
3.9 REFERENCES
4 CONFRONTATION OF THE COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DUST DISPERSION PROCESS
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE DUST DISPERSION IN THE MODIFIED HARTMANN TUBE
4.1.1 Description of the mesh
4.1.2 Boundary and initial conditions
4.1.3 Numerical parameters associated to the physics of the gas flow
4.1.4 Numerical parameters associated to the physics of the micrometric wheat starch
4.1.5 Results and comparison with the experimental approach
4.1.6 Application to the determination of the minimum ignition energy of the micrometric aluminum and wheat starch
4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE DUST DISPERSION IN THE 20 L SPHERE
4.2.1 Description of the mesh
4.2.2 Numerical parameters associated to the physics and the discretization
4.2.3 Initial and boundary conditions
4.2.4 Results and comparison with the experimental approach
4.2.5 Application to the determination of the explosibility parameters of the micrometric wheat starch
4.3 LIST OF VARIABLES
4.4 REFERENCES