Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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Table of contents

1 General Introduction
1.1 Basic Properties of Cu2O
1.1.1 Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper Oxide Thin Films
1.2 Basic Properties of ZnO
1.3 All-oxides Photovoltaics
1.3.1 Cu2O-based Solar Cells
1.3.2 Cu2O/ZnO Heterojunctions
1.4 Noble Metal Nanoparticles
1.4.1 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
1.4.2 Effects of Size, Shape and Interparticle Distance on the LSPR Signal
1.4.3 Hot-electron Generation
1.5 Photodetectors
1.5.1 Hot-carrier Photodetectors
2 Experimental Techniques
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Atomic Layer Deposition
2.2.1 Basic Principles
2.2.2 Chemisorption Mechanisms and Self-limiting Reactions
2.2.3 ALD Temperature Window
2.2.4 Experimental Setup and Deposition Parameters
2.3 Sputtering Deposition Process
2.3.1 Basic Principles
2.3.2 Magnetron Sputtering
2.3.3 Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
2.3.4 ZnO and Al-doped ZnO Thin Films Deposition
2.3.5 Cu2O Thin Film Deposition
2.4 X-ray Diffraction
2.5 UV Visible Near-Infra Red (UV-VIS-NIR) Spectroscopy
2.6 Ellipsometry
2.7 Photoluminescence spectroscopy
2.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.9 Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
2.10 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2.11 Hall Effect and 4-point Probe Method
2.12 Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy
2.13 Current-density Characteristics
3 Local Structure and Point-Defect-Dependent Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper Oxide and Metallic Copper Thin Films
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Microstructure and Morphology of the Cu2O and Cu Thin Films
3.3 Temperature-driven Selective Deposition of Cu and Cu2O on α-Al2O3
3.4 Cu2O Deposition on Monocrystalline ZnO Substrates
3.4.1 ZnO Polar Surfaces
3.4.1 ZnO Non-Polar Surfaces
3.5 Mechanism for the Area-Selective ALD of Cu2O and Cu
3.6 Fabrication of p-Cu2O/n-ZnO Microjunctions
3.6.1 Electrical Characterization of the Microjunctions
3.7 Chapter Conclusions
4 Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Broadband Visible Photoresponse of Cu Nanoparticles / ZnO Surfaces
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Evolution of the NP with the Number of ALD Cycles
4.3 Metallic Cu Thin Film
4.4 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
4.5 Cu/ZnO Schottky Diode
4.6 Photo-response of Cu NP under Visible Light
4.7 Preliminary Results on the Deposition of Cu NP on ZnO Nanowires
4.8 Chapter Conclusions
5 Fabrication of Semi-Transparent p-Cu2O/n-ZnO Thin Film Heterojunctions for Photovoltaics and Photo-detecting Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structural, Morphological and Chemical Characterization
5.3 Optical Characterization of the Cu2O and ZnO Films
5.4 Electrical Characterization of the Films
5.5 Electrical and Optical Characterization of the Heterojunctions
5.6 Characterization of the Sputtered Cu2O films
5.7 Improving the Electrical Properties of the Heterojunction
5.8 Preliminary Results in the Cu2O Deposition on ZnO Nanowires
5.9 Chapter Conclusions
Conclusions and Outlook
Appendixes
Bibliography