The performance of Bi-Sb single crystals

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Table of contents

CHAPTER I: Introduction to thermoelectricity. Survey of state-of-the-art materials
INTRODUCTION
I) BASIC PRINCIPLES
I-1) Thermoelectric effects
I-2) Thermoelectric modules and performance
I-3) Selection criteria
II) SURVEY OF STATE-OF-THE ART MATERIALS
III) NEW THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS
III-1) Moderated and high temperature bulk materials
III-1-1) Skutterudites
III-1-2) Clathrates
III-1-3) Zn4Sb3
III-1-4) Half-Heusler
III-1-5) Mg2Si
III-1-6) Zintl phase Yb14MnSb11
III-1-7) Oxides and oxychalgogenides
III-2) Low and room temperature bulk materials
III-2-1) Chalcogenides
III-2-2) Pentatellurides
III-2-3) Organic materials
III-3) Low-dimensional structures and nanostructured bulk materials
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER II: Sb2-xBixTe3 solid solutions: general properties and state-ofthe- art
INTRODUCTION
I) GENERAL PROPERTIES OF Sb2-xBixTe3 SOLID SOLUTIONS
I-1) Crystal structure
I-2) Electronic band structure
I-3) Phase diagram and defects in Sb2-xBixTe3 solid solutions
II) SOME PAST RESULTS ON SINGLE CRYSTALS AND
POLYCRYSTALLINE SAMPLES
III) PROMISING RESULTS ON NANOSTRUCTURING OF Sb2-xBixTe3
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER III: Synthesis of Sb2-xBixTe3 based compounds. Microstructural characterizations.
INTRODUCTION
I) ELABORATION OF MATERIALS
I-1) Parameters studied and prepared samples
I-2) Preparation of the initial alloys
I-3) Nanostructuration by melt-spinning
I-3-1) Principle of melt-spinner
I-3-2) Instrument description and samples preparation
I-4) Densification of the materials
I-4-1) Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) 11111’
I-4-2) Cold pressing
II) CHARACTERIZATION TECHINQUES
II-1) X-ray diffraction
II-2) Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
II-3) Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
II-3-1) Description
II-3-2) Preparation of the samples
II-3-3) Microscopes
III) PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MATERIALS 111
III-1) Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction
III-1-1) Melt-spun ribbons
III-1-2) Initial ingots and densified samples
III-2) Microstructure investigations by SEM
III-2-1) Melt-spun ribbons
III-2-2) MS-SPS ingots
III-2-3) MS-double SPS ingots
III-2-4) MS-aligned ribbons SPS
III-3) Microstructural investigations by TEM and HRTEM
III-3-1) MS ribbons of Sb1.6Bi0.4Te3
III-3-2) MS ribbons of Sb1.52Bi0.48Te3
III-3-3) MS-SPS samples
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER IV: Measurement techniques for thermal, electrical and galvanomagnetic properties
INTRODUCTION
I) THERMOELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS AT LOW TEMPERATURES 111 116
I-1) Principle of measurement
I-1-1) Electrical resistivity
I-1-2) Thermal conductivty and thermopower
I-2) Equipments and experimental protocols
II) GALVANOMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS AT LOW TEMPERATURES
II-1) Principle of Hall effect
II-2) Protocol of experiment
III) THERMOELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
III-1) Thermal conductivity by the laser flash technique
III-1-1) Measurement principle
III-1-2) Protocol of experiment
III-2) Thermopower and electrical resistivity
IV) GALVANOMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
V) SAMPLE ORIENTATION
VI) CALIBRATION OF MEASUREMENTS AND UNCERTAINTY
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER V: Results and Discussions
INTRODUCTION
I) TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF Sb2-xBixTe3 SERIES
I-1) Introduction
I-2) Thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties of Sb2-xBixTe3 with x = 0.4 or 0.48
I-3) Reproducibility of the processed materials
II) TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF Sb2-xBixTe3.1 SERIES 111111 111 153
II-1) Introduction
II-2) Thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties of Sb2-xBixTe3.1
II-3) Anisotropy
II-4) Reproducibility of the processed materials 11111
III) INFLUENCE OF SOME PROCESSING PREPARATION ON THE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF MS SAMPLES
III-1) Introduction
III-2) Double SPS
III-3) Influence of a post-annealing and a cold pressing
III-4) Alignment of ribbons: influence on the thermoelectric properties
IV) INTERPRETATION OF THE Sb2-xBixTe3 MEASUREMENTS
IV-1) Introduction
IV-2) S and 󓀠approximation for T < 20 K and for 200 K < T < 300 K
IV-2-1) Seebeck coefficient S
IV-2-2) Resistivity 󓀠
IV-3) Lattice thermal conductivity of Sb2-xBixTe3 polycrystals
V) TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF (Sb1.52Bi0.48)1-ySnyTe3+z
V-1) Introduction
V-2) Thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties of (Sb1.52Bi0.48)1-ySnyTe3
V-3) Thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties of (Sb1.52Bi0.48)1-ySnyTe3.1
V-4) Is Sn a resonant impurity in (Sb1.52Bi0.48)1-ySnyTe3?
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CONCLUSIONS ET PERSPECTIVES
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
BIBLIOGRAPHY