Albedo measurements

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Table of contents

1 Introduction
2 Metamorphism of Arctic marine snow during the melt season. Impact on albedo 
2.1 Resume
2.2 Abstract
2.3 Introduction
2.4 Materials and methods
2.4.1 Study area
2.4.2 Albedo measurements
2.4.3 Snow physical properties
2.4.4 Sampling Protocol
2.4.5 Data processing
2.4.6 Radiative transfer modeling
2.5 Results
2.5.1 General evolution and meteorological conditions
2.5.2 Snow stratigraphy and physical properties
2.5.3 Spectral Albedo
2.5.4 Albedo Modeling
2.6 Discussion
2.6.1 Snowpack formation
2.6.2 Albedo and surface evolution
2.6.3 Albedo modeling, limitations and suggestions
2.7 Conclusion
3 Impacts of snow impurities on sea ice transmittance 
3.1 Abstract
3.2 R´esum´e
3.3 Introduction
3.4 Materials and methods
3.4.1 Study area
3.4.2 Stratigraphy and physical properties of snow
3.4.3 Optical measurements
3.4.4 Transmittance measurements
3.4.5 SOLEXS measurements
3.4.6 Albedo measurements
3.4.7 Radiative transfer modeling
3.5 Results
3.5.1 Optimization results
3.5.2 Sea ice IOPs and transmittance simulations
3.5.3 Impacts of snow impurities on sea ice transmittance
3.6 Discussion
3.6.1 Uncertainties about sea ice IOPs and optical measurements
3.6.2 B and impurity content estimates
3.6.3 General implications for radiative transfer of sea ice
3.7 Conclusion
4 Conclusion