From CRACs to servers

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
1.1 Project outline
1.2 Literature review
2 Models for the thermal dynamics 
2.1 Graphic description of the considered system
2.1.1 Computer Room Air Conditionings (CRACs)
2.1.2 From CRACs to servers
2.1.3 Servers
2.1.4 From servers to CRACs
2.2 Standing hypotheses
2.3 Dynamics of the volumes of the ows
2.4 Dynamics of the temperatures of the ows
2.5 Discretization
2.6 ARX model
3 State space representations for the case constant ow 
3.1 Notation for State Space (SS) models
3.2 Model 1 – No time delays, air fractions constant in the whole data center
3.3 Model 2 – No time delays, but air fractions depending on the server
3.4 Model 3 – Complete
3.5 Model 4 – ARX model
4 Control strategies design 
4.1 PID Control
4.1.1 General theory
4.1.2 PID controllers for our specic CRAC control problem
4.1.3 P control
4.1.4 PI control
4.2 LQR Control
4.2.1 LQR for our CRAC control problem
4.2.2 LQRi control
5 Results 
5.1 SICS ICE data center
5.1.1 Module 2
5.1.2 Servers
5.1.3 Sensors
5.2 Description of the native CRAC control strategy
5.3 Limitations in control
5.4 System identication
5.5 In silico tests
5.6 Field experiments
5.6.1 Open loop
5.6.2 P control
5.6.3 PI control
5.6.4 LQR control
5.6.5 LQRi control
6 Discussion 
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Future works
A Appendix
A.1 Derivation of model a case specic time-delay (5)
A.2 Solution to the LQR-problem via Batch approach
A.2.1 Following reference signals
A.3 Datacollection/closing the control loop
A.3.1 Datacollection required for system identication
A.3.2 Datacollection required for system control
A.3.3 OPC
A.3.4 Modbus
A.3.5 SNMP