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Table of contents
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND STATE-OF-THE-ART
1.1 MRAM
1.1.1 STT-MRAM
1.1.2 SOT-MRAM
1.2 Dynamics of domain wall motion
1.2.1 Domain wall and Dzyaloshinskii Moriya Interaction (DMI)
1.2.2 Domain wall motion regimes
1.2.3 Current-induced domain wall motion
1.2.4 Domain wall motion in Co/Ni multilayers
1.3 All-optical switching
1.3.1 All-optical helicity-dependent switching in ferromagnetic materials
1.3.2 Helicity-dependent all-optical domain wall motion in ferromagnetic materials
1.4 Summary
CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS AND SAMPLES
2.1 Sample deposition and fabrication
2.1.1 Magnetron sputtering
2.1.2 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)
2.1.3 Magnetic characterization
2.1.4 Optical lithography
2.1.5 Ion Beam Etching (IBE)
2.1.6 E-beam evaporation
2.1.7 Microwire fabrication
2.2 Magneto-optical Kerr microscopy
2.2.1 Field configuration for field-driven domain wall motion
2.2.2 Field configuration for DMI measurement
2.3 Femtosecond pulse laser
2.4 Electrical characterization
2.5 Summary
CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL EXPLORATION FOR ALL-OPTICAL SWITCHING AND CURRENT-INDUCED DOMAIN WALL MOTION
3.1 Sputtered Pt/Co/heavy metal (HM) structure
3.1.1 Magnetic properties
3.1.2 All-optical switching results
3.2 Epitaxial Au/Co/Ni/Co/Au structure
3.2.1 Magnetic properties
3.2.2 All-optical switching results
3.3 Sputtered Pt/Co/Ni/Co/Pt structure
3.3.1 Magnetic properties
3.3.2 DMI in thin films
3.3.3 All-optical switching results for thin films
3.3.4 Criterion for the observation of all-optical switching by domain size calculation
3.3.5 Current-induced domain wall motion in Ta(3 nm)/Pt(3 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Pt(3 nm) structure
3.3.6 Current-induced domain wall motion in Ta(3 nm)/Pt(5 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Pt(2 nm) structure
3.3.7 All-optical switching results for microwires
3.4 Summary
CHAPTER 4 DOMAIN WALL MOTION COMBINING FEMTOSECOND LASER AND MICROSECOND CURRENT PULSES
4.1 Combined effect of helicity-dependent optical effect and SOT in Ta(3 nm)/Pt(5 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Pt(2 nm) structure
4.1.1 Experimental set-up
4.1.2 Domain wall motion combining synchronized femtosecond laser pulses and short current pulses
4.1.3 Effect of synchronization delay between the electron and light stimuli on domain wall motion
4.1.4 Energy consumption
4.1.5 Modeling
4.2 Combined effect of helicity-dependent optical effect and STT in Ta(3 nm)/Pt(3 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Pt(3 nm) structure
4.2.1 Domain wall motion combining synchronized femtosecond laser pulses and short current pulses
4.2.2 Modeling
4.3 Domain wall logic based on the combined effect
4.4 Summary
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
