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Table of contents
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Hydrogen: generalities, and current uses
1.2 Hydrogen interaction with metals
1.3 Hydrogen interaction with nanosized and ultradispersed metals
1.3.1 Metal nanoparticles
1.3.1.1 Synthesis of Metal nanoparticles
1.3.1.2 Hydrogen interaction with Metal Nanoparticles
1.3.2 Single atom catalysts (SACs)
1.3.2.1 Synthesis of SACs
1.3.2.2 Hydrogen interaction with SACs
1.4 Hydrogenation reactions with ultra-dispersed metal catalysts
1.4.1 Hydrogenation of Butadiene
1.4.2 Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid
1.5 References
CHAPTER II: MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Synthesis
2.1.1 Materials
2.1.2 Metal nanoparticles supported on carbon materials
2.1.3 Metal single atom catalysts supported on carbon materials
2.2 Characterization
2.2.1 Physicochemical characterization
2.2.1.1 Powder X-ray Diffraction analyses
2.2.1.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.2.1.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.2.1.4 Specific surface area & porosity
2.2.1.5 Raman Spectroscopy
2.2.1.6 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2.2.1.7 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
2.2.1.8 Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy
2.2.1.9 Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.2.2 Hydrogenation properties
2.2.2.1 Pressure-Composition Isotherm
2.2.2.2 Thermo-Desorption Spectroscopy
2.2.3 Catalysis
2.2.3.1 Hydrogenation of butadiene
2.2.3.2 Hydrogenation of levulinic acid
2.3 References
CHAPTER III: POROUS CARBONS WITH PALLADIUM
3.1 Synthesis of Palladium carbon materials
3.2 Pd nanoparticles supported on carbons
3.2.1 Physicochemical properties of materials
3.2.2 Nanosized Pd interaction with hydrogen
3.2.2.1 Hydrogen sorption properties at room temperature
3.2.2.2 Atomic Simulation
3.2.2.3 Thermodynamic properties
3.2.2.4 Desorption properties
3.3 Pd single atoms supported on carbons
3.3.1 Physicochemical properties of materials
3.3.2 Pd single atoms interaction with hydrogen
3.4 Conclusion
3.5 References
CHAPTER IV: POROUS CARBONS WITH IRIDIUM FOR SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION REACTIONS
4.1 Synthesis of Iridium carbon materials
4.2 Physicochemical characterization
4.3 Formation process and stability of Ir-SAC sample
4.3.1 Formation process of Ir SAC sample
4.3.2 Stability of Ir-SAC sample
4.4 Catalytic test
4.4.1 Hydrogenation of butadiene
4.4.2 Hydrogenation of levulinic acid
4.5 Conclusion
4.6 Reference
CHAPTER V: POROUS CARBONS WITH VARIOUS TRANSITION METALS FOR HYDROGENATION REACTIONS
5.1 Synthesis of single atom catalysts with various transition metals supported on activated carbon
5.2 Physicochemical characterization
5.2.1 Low metal loading SACs (< 5 wt.%)
5.2.2 High loading SACs (> 5 wt.%)
5.3 Catalytic test
5.3.1 Hydrogenation of butadiene
5.3.2 Hydrogenation of levulinic acid
5.4 Conclusion
5.5 Reference
General conclusion & perspectives
SUMMARY
