Overview on the evolution of ices in space

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Table of contents

1 Overview on the evolution of ices in space 
1.1 The Interstellar Medium
1.1.1 Dust grains
1.1.2 Interstellar ice mantles
1.1.3 Interstellar molecules
1.2 Energetic processing and thermal evolution of ices
1.2.1 Complex molecules in hot molecular cores
1.3 Small Solar System bodies
1.3.1 Meteorites
1.3.2 The exogenous organic delivery to Earth
1.4 Laboratory simulations
2 The MICMOC experiment at IAS 
2.1 The experimental set-up MICMOC
2.2 Infrared spectroscopy
2.3 The standard experiment
2.3.1 Preparation of the gaseous mixture
2.3.2 Deposition and irradiation
2.4 Infrared analysis of interstellar/circumstellar analogs
2.4.1 Infrared ice spectra before irradiation
2.4.2 Infrared spectra of an irradiated thin ice film
2.4.3 Infrared analysis of a typical residue
3 Asymmetric UV photochemistry of cosmic ice analogs: induction of enantiomeric excesses in amino acids 
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Experiments
3.2.1 Experimental campaigns
3.2.2 Preparation of residue-enlarged samples
3.2.3 Analytical procedure
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Distribution of identified amino acids
3.3.2 Enantiomeric excesses in alanine
3.3.3 Enantiomeric excesses in five different amino acids
3.4 Astrophysical implications
3.5 Conclusions
4 Analysis of laboratory organic residues by FT ICR mass spectrometry 
4.1 FT ICR mass spectrometer
4.1.1 Instrument description
4.1.2 Basic principles
4.2 Mass spectra description
4.2.1 Analysis at low and medium mass-to-ratio range
4.2.2 Analysis in the high mass-to-charge ratio range
4.3 Mass defect versus mass diagrams
4.4 Conclusions
5 The amino acid content in the Paris meteorite and in laboratory residues 
5.1 Carbonaceous chondrites
5.1.1 Classification
5.1.2 Organic matter content
5.1.3 The Paris meteorite
5.2 Analytical procedures
5.2.1 Amino acid extraction and derivatization
5.3 Results and discussion
5.3.1 Amino acid content in the Paris meteorite
5.3.2 Enantiomeric measurements in chiral amino acids
5.3.3 Amino acid content in laboratory organic residues
5.4 Conclusions
6 Laboratory simulations using silicate surfaces 
6.1 Astronomical silicates
6.2 Experiments and discussion
6.2.1 Laboratory make-up of icy silicate grain analogs
6.2.2 Spectral comparison with the Paris meteorite
6.2.3 Hot water extraction test on laboratory samples
6.2.4 The search for HMT in the Paris meteorite
6.3 Conclusions
Conclusions and perspectives