Surface fresh water fluxes (precipitation)

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Table of contents

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1.1. Particularities of the Indian Ocean climate
1.1.2. A brief historical overview of Indian Ocean circulation knowledge
1.1.3. The Bay of Bengal haline structure and its climatic consequences
1.2. THE BAY OF BENGAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY
1.2.1. Geography of the Bay of Bengal
1.2.2. Seasonal timescales
1.2.2.1. Atmospheric variability
1.2.2.2. Oceanic Response
1.2.3. Interannual timescales
1.2.3.1. Relevant interannual climate modes
1.2.3.2. Interannual variability of freshwater fluxes
1.3. THE BAY OF BENGAL SALINITY
1.3.1. Salinity observations
1.3.1.1. In-situ SSS observations and related climatologies
1.3.1.2. Remote sensing initiatives
1.3.2. Seasonal SSS variations and related mechanism
1.3.3. Interannual SSS variations and related mechanisms
1.4. SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS
1.5. ORGANIZATION OF THESIS
CHAPTER 2 – DATA AND METHODOLOGY
2.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
2.2. OBSERVATION DATA
2.2.1. In-situ SSS dataset
2.2.2. SSS Climatology
2.2.3. Satellite SSS
2.3.MODEL CONFIGURATION
2.3.1. Model setup
2.3.2.Forcing datasets
2.3.3. Reference and sensitivity experiments
2.3.4. Model mixed layer salinity budget
CHAPTER 3 – ASSESSMENT OF SMOS AND AQUARIUS SURFACE SALINITY RETRIEVAL IN THE BAY OF BENGAL
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. DATASETS AND METHODS
3.2.1. SMOS level-3 data
3.2.2. Aquarius level 3 data
3.2.3. Validation datasets
3.2.4. Colocation method
3.3. GENERAL EVALUATION OF THE REMOTELY SENSED SSS PRODUCTS
3.4. SEASONAL EVALUATION OF REMOTELY SENSED PRODUCTS
3.5. INTERANNUAL EVALUATION OF REMOTELY-SENSED PRODUCTS
3.6. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
3.6.1. Summary
3.6.2. Discussion
3.6.3. Perspectives
CHAPTER 4 – A MODELLING STUDY OF THE PROCESSES GOVERNING THE SURFACE SALINITY SEASONAL CYCLE IN THE BAY OF BENGAL
4.1. INTRODUCTION
4.2. DATA AND METHODS
4.2.1. Model description and setup
4.2.2. The salt budget in the model
4.2.3. Validation datasets
4.3. VALIDATION
4.4. PROCESSES OF THE SSS SEASONAL CYCLE ALONG THE INDIAN COASTLINE
4.4.1. Overall picture
4.4.2. Northern Bay of Bengal
4.4.3. The Western BoB and the Southern Tip of India
4.5. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
4.5.1. Summary
4.5.2. Discussion
Appendix. Energy required for increasing surface salinity by vertical mixing
CHAPTER 5 – INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF BAY OF BENGAL SEA SURFACE SALINITY: A MODELLING APPROACH
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. DATA AND METHODS
5.2.1. Model configuration and forcing
5.2.2. Reference and sensitivity experiments
5.2.3. SSS validation datasets
5.3. VALIDATION OF MODELLED INTERANNUAL SSS VARIATIONS
5.4. PROCESSES DRIVING SSS INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY
5.4.1. Main patterns of SSS variability
5.4.2. Relative importance of each forcing
5.5. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
5.5.1. Summary
5.5.2. Discussion
CHAPTER 6 – SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE
6.1. SUMMARY
6.2. PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES