Chondrichthyans : Status, fisheries and threats

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Table of contents

Chapter I: General Introduction
1. Overview
2. The Mediterranean Sea: Biodiversity, threats and fisheries
2.1. Geographical overview
2.2. Biodiversity
2.3. Threats
2.4. Fisheries
3. Chondrichthyans: Status, fisheries and threats
3.1. Worldwide overview
3.2. Chondrichthyan life history traits
3.3. Mediterranean chondrichthyans
3.4. Mediterranean chondrichthyan fisheries and threats
3.5. Various management tools for coastal ecosystems
3.6. Eastern Mediterranean chondrichthyans
4. Objectives of the study
Chapter II: Material and Methods
1. Characteristics of the study area
1.1. Overview of the region
1.2. The Lebanese coast
1.3. Currents and bathymetry
1.4. The fishery sector
2. Data collection
2.1. CIHEAM PESCA-Libano
2.2. Fishermen
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2.3. Fisheries
3. Morphometric measurements
4. Biological indices and sexual maturity
4.1. Hepato-somatic index
4.2. Gonado-somatic index
4.3. Condition factor
4.4. Sexual maturity
5. Stomach contents analysis
5.1. Diet composition
5.2. Feeding strategy
6. Other data collected
7. Catch per unit effort
8. Biodiversity indices
8.1. The Shannon Index
8.2. Simpson‘s Index
8.3. Taxonomic diversity
9. Statistical analyses and regressions
9.1. Statistics
9.2. Linear regressions
9.3. Nonlinear regressions
9.3.1. Gonad weight and total length
9.3.2. Length-weight relationship
9.4. Logistic regressions
9.5. Maps and interpolation
Chapter III: The cartilaginous fishes of the Eastern Mediterranean: A literature review on the biology, ecology and geographic range of these species
1. Introduction
2. The cartilaginous fishes of the Levantine Basin and Aegean Sea
3. Cartilaginous fish observations and first records in the Eastern Mediterranean
4. Cartilaginous fishing in the Eastern Mediterranean
5. Age and growth
6. Length-weight relationships
7. Reproductive aspects and biological indices
7.1. Sharks
7.2. Batoids
8. Nutrition and feeding habits
9. Other studies
General conclusion
Chapter IV I- Diversity, distribution and abundance of elasmobranchs and the main influent factors along the coast of Lebanon (eastern Mediterranean)
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the scientific survey: CIHEAM PESCA-Libano
2.2. Description of the fishery and fishermen data collection
2.3. Measures and biological parameters recorded after collection
2.4. Computation of the abundance index, statistical analyses and cartography
2.4.1. Computation of the abundance index
2.4.2. Factors impacting the abundance index of elasmobranch species
2.5. Biodiversity indices
3. Results
3.1. Scientific survey and fishery/fisherman data analysis
3.1.1. The scientific survey CPUE analysis: Depth, seasonal and spatial distribution
3.1.2. Fishery and fishermen data analyses: Seasonal and depth variation
3.2. Statistical analyses of the main factors impacting the abundance index
3.2.1. PERMANOVA of the survey and fishery and fishermen data
3.2.2. CCA of the survey and fishery and fishermen data
3.3. Spatial and seasonal diversity
4. Discussion
4.1. Variation of abundance index
4.2. Factors influencing spatial and seasonal diversity
II- The length-weight relationships of three sharks and five batoids in the Lebanese marine waters, eastern Mediterranean
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
2.1. Sampling and study area
2.2. Biological measures
2.3. Stomach content analysis
2.4. Regressions and statistical analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sex ratio and length frequency distribution
3.2. Length-weight relationship
3.3. Sexual maturity and biological indices
3.4. Stomach content analysis
4. Discussion
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and study area
2.2. Morphometric and biological measurements
2.3. Catch per unit effort
2.4. Regressions and statistical analyses
3. Results
3.1. Morphometric measurements and depth distribution
3.2. Spatial distribution and gear
3.3. Sex ratio, length-frequency distribution and length-weight relationship
3.4. Sexual maturity and biological indices
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3.5. Two-way Unbalanced ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial and seasonal distribution, habitat and life cycle
4.2. Size and growth
4.3. Reproduction and biological indices
Chapter VII: General discussion, conclusion and perspectives
1. Elasmobranchs: Presence, diversity and fisheries in Lebanon
1.1. Presence and diversity
1.1.1. Abundance index
1.1.2. Spatio-temporal variations
1.1.3. Marine Protected Areas
1.1.4. Species identification
1.1.5. Lack of fishing logbooks
1.1.6. Fisheries
1.2. Length-weight relationships
2. Life history aspects and overexploitation
3. General situation and recommendations
4. Conclusion and perspectives
4.1. Perspectives about life history traits and fisheries
4.2. New study tools