The importance of radiative feedbacks

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Tropical convective clouds
1.3 Aggregation in numerical simulations
1.4 Surface temperature dependency
1.5 The aggregation mechanisms
1.5.1 Radiation
1.5.2 Atmospheric Moisture
1.5.3 Surface
1.6 Objective and Outline of the thesis
2 Model Description, Simulation setup and Diagnostics 
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Model Description
2.2.1 Governing Equations
2.2.2 Radiation
2.2.3 Cloud Microphysics and water partitioning
2.2.4 Surface Fluxes
2.2.5 Sub-grid Scale Model
2.3 Simulation Setup
2.3.1 SST
2.4 Diagnostics
2.4.1 Dry patch and Aggregation Index
2.4.2 Moist Static Energy
2.4.3 Stream Function and Circulation
3 How do ocean warm anomalies favor the aggregation of deep convective clouds
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Model description and simulation design
3.2.1 Cloud-resolving model
3.2.2 Experimental setup
3.2.3 Aggregation metrics
3.3 Hot-spot impact on aggregation of deep convection
3.3.1 Results without and with hot-spot at dierent SSTs
3.3.2 Development of a large-scale circulation
3.4 Convective aggregation without radiative feedbacks
3.4.1 Hot-spots with or without radiative feedbacks
3.4.2 Two-box model: Pulled or pushed aggregation?
3.4.3 The aggregation onset phase
3.5 Equilibrium phase
3.6 Conclusions
4 Self-aggregation of convective clouds with interactive sea sur- face temperature 
4.1 abstract
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Method
4.3.1 Cloud-resolving model
4.3.2 Experimental setup
4.3.3 Slab ocean
4.3.4 Analysis Framework
4.4 The impact of interactive SST on the aggregation of convective clouds
4.4.1 Overview of results
4.4.2 SST anomalies
4.4.3 Surface pressure anomaly
4.4.4 Divergent
4.5 The impact of slab depth and SST on self-aggregation
4.5.1 Delayed aggregation with shallow mixed layer and cold SST
4.5.2 Link with the strength of the shallow circulation compared to the deep circulation
4.6 Conclusions
4.A Impact of interactive SST with constant deep ocean sink
4.B Surface pressure computation
4.C Sensitivity simulations and low-level radiative cooling
5 Impact of the diurnal cycle on the aggregation of convective clouds with interactive surface temperature 
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental setup
5.3 Results
5.3.1 The diurnal cycle in aggregating simulation
5.3.2 Diurnal cycle vs constant solar radiation
5.4 Conclusion
5.A Sensitivity to relaxation time
6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Future Research Directions
6.2.1 Ocean Eddies
6.2.2 Boundary Layer Divergent Flow
6.2.3 Dry patch triggering
6.2.4 Shallow Circulation
6.2.5 Interactive SST with adjusted mean energy removal