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Table of contents
Chapter 1: General Context
Plastic: background information
Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems
Microplastics as an emerging contaminant
Dispersion of microplastics in aquatic environment
Combination of pollutants and microplastics
Regulations concerning pollutants
Selected compounds
Ecotoxicological effects of plastic pollution in aquatic environments
Physical impacts of plastic debris in ocean
Microplastics toxicity in marine organisms: mechanisms involved
Combination of microplastics with additives/contaminants
Toxicity of MPs related to fish
Bioassays and biomarkers using zebrafish (Danio rerio)
The “3Rs” principle
Biological model
Life stages
Ecotoxicological biomarkers using fish
EPHEMARE project
Chapter 2: Materials and methods
Microplastics & Chemicals
Selection of industrial microplastics
Environmental microplastics
Selection of chemicals
Sorption of pollutants
Chemical analysis
Study of the sorption of pollutants onto microplastics particles
Sorption kinetics of PFOS and BaP
Isotherm sorption PFOS and BaP
Particle digestion under simulated physiological conditions
Biological model, zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Experimental designs
Exposure of zebrafish embryo for acute toxicity test
Trophic exposure
Endpoints analyzed
Standardized FET
In vivo ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay
Cyp1a gene transcription analysis
Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE)
Lipid peroxidation
Behavioral response: Larval photomotor response (LPMR)
Reprotoxicity
Chemical analysis
Chapter 3: Sorption processes
Article 1
Extra-study
Chapter 4: Toxicity of artificial microplastics
Article 2
Article 3
Chapter 5: Toxicity of environmental microplastics
Article 4
Article 5
Chapter 6: General discussion
Sorption of organic pollutants on plastics
Toxicity of microplastics using early life stages of zebrafish
Toxicity following ingestion of microplastics
Chapter 7: Conclusion and Perspectives
References
