Oscillator circuit and QCM with motional resistance monitoring

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Table of contents

Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Broader context and thesis outline
○ From global warming to battery advent
○ Battery market and applications
○ Thesis outline
Chapter I – The battery technology: State of the art
I.1 – Today’s battery to post Li-ion technologies
I.1.a – Concept discoveries and fundamentals
I.1.b – From Li batteries to Li-ion batteries
I.1.c – Post Li-ion battery technologies and their promises
I.2 – In the quest of better batteries
I.2.a – Higher energy materials
I.2.b – Improve the lifetime, the reliability and the power density
I.3 – Chapter conclusions
Chapter II – An overview of the electrogravimetric, hydrodynamic and viscoelastic techniques
II.1 – Introduction
II.2 – Quartz Crystal Microbalance theory and associated techniques
II.2.a – Quartz Crystal Microbalance fundamentals
II.2.b – Gravimetric and viscoelastic read-out methods
II.2.c – Comparison of the different QCM-based read-out methods
II.3 – Electrogravimetric, hydrodynamic and viscoelastic inputs to the battery field so far 55
II.3.a – EQCM-based methods for the study of Solid Electrolyte Interphase
II.3.b – Mechanical properties of the electrodes during cycling
II.3.c – Characterization of the cation insertion in battery compounds
II.4 – EQCM-based strategies developed and employed in this Ph.D. thesis
II.4.a – Classical EQCM-R measurements adapted to battery electrode characterization
II.4.b – Determination of the film hydrodynamic and viscoelastic properties
II.4.c – Dynamic characterization of the electrode-electrolyte interface
II.5 – Chapter conclusions
Chapter III – Making advanced electrogravimetry as an affordable analytical tool for the battery interface characterization
III.1 – Introduction
III.2 – Optimization of the electrode preparation on EQCM resonators
III.2.a – Description of the preparation protocol
III.2.b – Evaluation of the suitable conditions for electrode preparation by EQCM-R
III.3 – Design and validation of airtight EQCM cell testing workbench
III.3.a – Cell presentation
III.3.b – Cell evaluation
III.3.c – Calibration factor estimation
III.4 – Verification of hydrodynamic and viscoelastic properties in electrolyte
III.4.a – Rigidity assessment
III.4.b – In situ hydrodynamic spectroscopy of the composite electrode
III.5 – Electrochemical-gravimetric measurements of an intercalation material
III.5.a – Viscoelastic properties upon cycling
III.5.b – Direct outputs of EQCM-R on an intercalation compounds
III.5.c – New insights on the insertion mechanism at electrode-electrolyte interface
III.6 – Simulation of the interface between the electrolyte and a model electrode
III.6.a – Interfacial density profiles of the different species involved
III.6.b – Energy landscape and solvation from the electrolyte bulk to the interface
III.7 – Chapter conclusions
Chapter IV – Probing the electrode-electrolyte interface of potassium-ion battery – Aqueous vs. Non-aqueous electrolytes
IV.1 – Introduction
IV.2 – Phase preparation and characterization
IV.2.a – Morphological and structural description
IV.2.b – Water incorporation in the structure lattice
IV.2.c – Thickness control of the prepared films
IV.3 – Electrochemical and electrogravimetric analyses
IV.3.a – Rate capability assessment
IV.3.b –Determination of the rate-limiting step
IV.3.c – First evidence of the potassium solvation shell at the interface
IV.4 – Final evidence of the involved species at the EEI and their associated interfacial kinetics
IV.4.a – Identification of the nature of species and their dynamics at EEI
IV.4.b – Study of the interfacial kinetics associated to the involved species
IV.5 – Chapter conclusions
Chapter V – Elucidating the origin of the electrochemical capacity in proton-based battery: a framework to assess the water contribution at the interface
V.1 – Introduction
V.2 – Phase characterization
V.2.a – Morphological and structural description
V.2.b – Stoichiometry determination
V.3 – Electrochemical analyses
V.3.a – Cycling behavior
V.3.b – Assessment of the pseudocapacitive mechanism
V.4 – Electrochemical-gravimetric investigation
V.4.a – Validation of the gravimetric regime
V.4.b – Kinetic comparison between the two regions
V.4.c – Evidences of the water participation in the insertion mechanism
V.5 – Species determination and associated kinetics at the EEI
V.5.a – Identification of the nature of species and their dynamics at EEI
V.5.b – Outcomes of the kinetic study
V.6 – Chapter conclusions
General conclusions
Materials & Methods
M.1 – Material preparation and characterization
M.1.a – Used and synthetized battery materials
M.1.b – Material characterization
M.2 – Classical electrochemical characterization
M.2.a – Electrode preparation
M.2.b – Classical electrochemical setup
M.2.c – Electrochemical cycling
M.2.d – Diffusion coefficient determination
M.3 – Electrochemical-gravimetric analysis
M.3.a – EQCM electrode preparation
M.3.b – Airtight EQCM cell testing workbench
M.3.c – Verification of hydrodynamic and viscoelastic properties in electrolyte
M.3.d – Electrochemical-gravimetric measurements
M.3.e – Ac-electrogravimetry
M.4 – Classical Molecular Dynamics simulations
Glossary
References