Involvement of Policy Makers in the Development and Diffusion of Electric Vehicles

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Table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION: ELECTRIC VEHICLES AT THE CONVERGENCE OF TWO INDUSTRIES IN MUTATION
1 Mutation of the Automotive Industry: The Emergence of Electric Vehicles
1.1 Environmental Impacts of the Transport Industry
1.2 Involvement of Policy Makers in the Development and Diffusion of Electric Vehicles .
2 Mutation of the Electricity Industry: Liberalization and Decarbonization
2.1 Liberalization of Electric Industries and Design of Electricity Markets
2.2 Towards Massive Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Energy Resources
2.3 The Challenge of Increasing Flexibility Requirements
3 Using Electric Vehicles as Distributed Flexibility Assets
3.1 Challenges and Opportunities of Massive Diffusion of EVs for Electricity Systems .
3.2 Which Flexibility Services for Fleet of EVs?
3.3 A Literature Review on Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles
3.4 Toward the Elaboration of Business Models for Aggregator
4 Thesis Organization
IMPACT OF MARKET RULES ON PROVISION OF FLEXIBILITY BY DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
1 Barriers to Entry for New Entrants in Flexibility Markets
2 Modular Analysis of Barriers to Entry
2.1 Module A: Administrative Rules Regarding Aggregation of Distributed Energy Resources
2.2 Module B: Definition of Products
2.3 Module C: Remuneration Scheme
2.4 A Tool for Investors and Policy Makers
3 Costs Associated with the Opening of Markets
4 Two Case Studies: Geographic Comparison and Evolution of Regulatory Framework
4.1 Comparison of Four Market Zones in 2016
4.2 Evolution of Regulation in France: Towards the Creation of a Single Market Zone in
Central Western Europe
5 Partial Conclusion
REVENUES AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF A FLEET OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES PROVIDING FLEXIBILITY SERVICES
1 Simulation of Fleets Participating to Frequency-Containment-Reserve
1.1 Description of the Model
1.2 Validation of the Model
2 Revenue Analysis of a Fleet of Bidirectional EV Chargers Providing Frequency Containment Reserve
2.1 Market-Designs and Rated Power Scenarios
2.2 Results
3 Net-Present-Value Analysis of an Investment in Bidirectional EV Chargers
3.1 Model and Base-Case Scenario
3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
4 Partial Conclusion
EVALUATION OF THE VALUE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN AGGREGATOR AND CAR MANUFACTURER
1 Roles of the Aggregator And Value Chain Of Smart Charging
2 Presentation of the Model: Actors and Case Studies
2.1 Actors
2.2 Calculation of Net Present Value of Car Manufacturer and Aggregator
2.3 Presentation of Case-Studies
3 Results
3.1 Smoothing of Revenues Function
3.2 Case-Study 1
3.3 Case-Study 2
3.4 Case-Study 2bis: Introduction of bargaining power of the Manufacturer
3.5 Case-Study 3
4 Analytic Model
4.1 Reference 1
4.2 Reference 2
4.3 Case-Study 1
4.4 Case-study 2
4.5 Case-Study 3
4.6 Validation of Analytic Model
4.7 Sensitivity Analysis
5 Partial Conclusion
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES