Hydrogen bonding

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Table of contents

Chapter 1- The design of robust elastomers and mechano-chemistry
1. Traditional tough elastomers and multiple network elastomers
1.1 Nano-composite elastomers
1.2 Supramolecular interaction elastomers
1.2.1 Hydrogen bonding
1.2.2 Metal-ligand interaction
1.2.3 Host-guest interaction
1.2.4 Other kinds of super-molecular interaction
1.3 Multiple networks
1.3.1 Bimodal networks
1.3.2 Double network hydrogels
1.3.3 Multiple network elastomers
2. Theory of crack propagation
2.1 Lake-Thomas model
2.2 Brown’s model
2.3 Tanaka’s model
2.4 The fracture mechanism of multiple network elastomers
2.5 Finite element model
3. Mechanochemistry
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Optically inactive mechanophores
3.3 Mechanoluminescent polymers
3.3.1 Mechanofluorescent polymers
3.3.2 Mechanochemiluminescent polymers
3.4 Mechanochromic polymers
Chapter 2. Synthesis and characterization of mechanically responsive multiple network elastomers
1. Standard synthesis of multiple networks
1.1 Chemical reagents
1.2 Polymerization conditions of the networks
1.3 Synthesis of the spiropyran (SP) cross-linker
1.4 Synthesis of the first (or filler) network
1.5 Preparation of a family of multiple networks elastomers
2. Synthesis of various multiple network elastomers
2.1 Effects of cross-linking in the first network
2.2 Various SP concentrations in the first network
2.3 Different monomers in the first network
3. Characterization of multiple network elastomers
3.1 Tensile tests
3.1.1 Uniaxial extension
3.1.2 Cyclic loading tests
3.1.3 Step cycle elongation tests
3.1.4 Relaxation test
3.1.5 Fracture tests
3.2 Color analysis: basic principles
Chapter 3: Mechanical properties and optical response of multiple network elastomers
1. Mechanical properties
1.1 Standard family multiple network elastomers
1.2 Various stretching rates
1.3 Different cross-link densities
1.4 Behavior of samples under cyclic loading tests
1.5 Fracture energy
2. Optical response to mechanical stress
2.1 Color analysis for the EA0.5-0.05 standard family of materials
2.2 The effect of strain rate
2.3 The effect of various cross-link densities in the filler network
2.4 The effect of varying the SP concentration
3. Accurate calibration of the Stress: Toward Quantification
4. Optical response in fracture tests
4.1 Optical response around the crack in EA0.5-0.05 family
4.2 Optical response around the crack for EA0.2-0.05(2.61)EA sample
5. Quantitative Stress distribution around the crack tip before propagation
5.1 Stress distribution in standard multiple network elastomers
5.2 Stress distribution in various elastomers at the same energy release rate
6. Mapping the Strain Energy Density
7. Preliminary results of color change during unloading
7.1 Color change in cyclic loading
7.2 Color change during the relaxation process
Chapter 4: Mapping the stress in unloading process
1. Construction of a color map of the stress
1.1 Color change during the unloading process
1.1.1 Mechanism of color change during the unloading process
1.1.2 Color map of stress in standard multiple network elastomers
1.1.3 Multiple network elastomers with different mechanical property
1.1.4 Elastomers with various SP concentrations
2. Stress distribution around the crack tip during crack propagation
2.1 Color change during crack propagation
2.2 Stress distribution in crack propagation
3. Quantify the level of activation of SP near the crack tip
Chapter 5: The fracture mechanism of multiple network elastomers
2. Results
2.1. Mechanical properties of multiple network elastomers
2.2. Mechanical response in uniaxial extension
3. Discussion
3.1 Influence of the SP position in multiple networks
3.2. The effect of the connectivity between the first and the second network
2.3. Stress transfer to the matrix network during the crack propagation process
3.3 Higher magnification detection of the stress in the matrix network
Chapter 6: Construction of the strain field around the crack tip
1. Synthesis of multiple network elastomers containing fluorescent beads
1.1 The choice of fluorescent beads
1.2 Synthesis of elastomers
2. Characterization of elastomers
2.1 The effect of fluorescent beads on mechanical properties
2.2 Confocal microscope observations
2.3 Calculation
3. Preliminary results
3.1 The vector displacement field of fluorescent beads
3.2 The strain field around the crack tip
Chapter 7. Perspective and discussion
1. Discussion around the quantification of polymer chains involved in the damage
2. Discussion about the fracture of the first network after yielding
3. The combination of the stress field and strain field around the crack tip
3.1 Calibration curve of fluorescence