Audio-Only Augmented Reality Definition

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Table of contents

1 introduction 
1.1 General Context and motivations
1.2 Objectives of the thesis
1.3 Key aspects of the framework
1.4 Contributions
1.5 Thesis structure
2 audio-only augmented reality 
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Augmented Reality Definition
2.1.2 Audio-Only Augmented Reality Definition
2.2 Some AAR applications
2.2.1 Human-to-human interactions
2.2.2 Location-based applications
2.3 Technological challenges of AAR
2.3.1 Treatment of real sounds
2.3.2 Generating a spatialized virtual sound source
2.3.3 Motion tracking
2.4 Summary and technical choices
3 auditory distance perception 
3.1 Auditory distance estimation
3.1.1 Auditory distance perception accuracy: An inherent compression effect
3.1.2 Auditory distance perception variability
3.2 Auditory distance perception cues
3.2.1 Acoustic cues
3.2.2 Non-acoustic cues
3.3 Relationship with externalization
3.4 Summary & perspectives on the thesis framework
4 visual contribution to auditory distance perception 
4.1 The superior spatial resolution of vision
4.1.1 General mechanisms of visual distance perception
4.1.2 Visual distance estimates
4.2 Audio-visual integration
4.2.1 Ventriloquist effect
4.2.2 Environment-related visual cues
4.3 Summary & perspectives on the thesis framework
5 binaural rendering approach of virtual sound sources 
5.1 Spatial Room Impulse Responses
5.1.1 Measurement Procedure
5.1.2 Used tools
5.2 Converting Directional Room Impulse Responses to Binaural Room Impulse Responses
5.2.1 Encoding into Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA)
5.2.2 Decoding HOA to the binaural format
5.3 Specific Treatments
5.3.1 Denoising Spatial Room Impulse Responses
5.3.2 Diffuse field equalization
5.4 Measurements usage in the experiments
6 experimental procedure 
6.1 Distance report methods
6.1.1 Verbal report
6.1.2 Direct-location
6.1.3 Selected method: the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
6.2 Online Experiment methodology
6.2.1 Technical aspects of online experiments
6.2.2 Experiment Builder: PsychoPy
6.2.3 Hosting platform: Pavlovia
6.2.4 Recruiting participants: Prolific
6.2.5 Data quality concerns
7 evaluations of the importance of intensity and reverberation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Experiment I: Development of distance rendering models
7.2.1 Reference measurements
7.2.2 Envelope-based model
7.2.3 Intensity-based model
7.2.4 Objective comparisons
7.3 Experiment I: Perceptual performances of the models in a congruent situation
7.3.1 Material & Methods
7.3.2 Procedure
7.4 Experiment I: Results
7.4.1 General results
7.4.2 Individual results
7.5 Experiment I: Discussion
7.5.1 Envelope-based model performances
7.5.2 Intensity-based model performances
7.5.3 Acoustic cues weighting strategies
7.5.4 Influence of the experimental context and comparison with past studies
7.6 Experiment II: Evaluating the relevance of the early-to-late energy ratio
7.6.1 BRIRs synthesis method
7.6.2 Material & Methods
7.6.3 Procedure
7.7 Experiment II: Results
7.7.1 Classroom
7.7.2 Gallery
7.8 Discussion
7.8.1 Backward stimuli
7.8.2 Forward stimuli
7.8.3 Spectral aspects
7.8.4 Spatial aspects
7.8.5 Reverberation-related cues weighting strategies
7.9 Conclusion
8 evaluation of the influence of environment-related cues 
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Experiment III: Evaluating the influence of incongruent visual cues .
8.2.1 Objective of the experiment
8.2.2 Material & Methods
8.2.3 Procedure
8.3 Experiment III: Results
8.3.1 General Results
8.3.2 Effect of room volume
8.3.3 Compression effect quantification across rendering methods
8.3.4 Influence of the visual spatial boudary on compression coefficients
8.3.5 Influence of the room volume on compression coefficients .
8.4 Discussion
8.4.1 The influence of the visual spatial boundary
8.4.2 The influence of volume on acoustic cues weighting strategies
8.4.3 Experiment limitations
8.5 Comparison with Experiment I
8.5.1 Envelope-based performances
8.5.2 Acoustic cues weighting strategies
8.6 Conclusion
9 impact of the acoustic divergence between reproduced room effects 
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Experiment IV: An acoustically divergent scenario
9.2.1 Objectives of the experiment
9.2.2 Material & Methods
9.2.3 Procedure
9.3 Experiment IV: Results
9.3.1 Effect of anchor condition
9.3.2 Compression effect quantification
9.4 Discussion
9.4.1 Effect of uncorrected room divergence effect on auditory distance perception
9.4.2 Correcting the divergence with loudness matching
9.5 Comparison with Experiment III
9.5.1 Acoustic and visual divergence
9.5.2 Impact of anchor stimuli in the control condition
9.6 Conclusion
10 general conclusion & perspectives 
10.1 Experimental procedures
10.2 The perception of early energy relatively to reverberation for distance
10.3 Acoustic cues weighting strategies and the influence of room volume
10.4 Visual incongruence and acoustic divergence
a appendix, preliminary experiment 
a.1 Methods
a.1.1 Auditory stimuli
a.1.2 Participants
a.1.3 Procedure, listening environment & report method
a.2 Results
a.3 Conclusion
b appendix, chapter 7 (experiment ii) 
c publications 
bibliography