Sensorimotor circuits in the spinal cord across vertebrates

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Table of contents

Part A. Sensorimotor integration in the spinal cord, from behaviors to circuits: new tools to close the loop? 
Abstract
1 A closed-loop approach to sensorimotor behaviors
1.1. Defining sensorimotor behaviors
1.1.1. Eliciting sensory input
1.1.2. Measuring motor output
1.2. Modulating sensorimotor behaviors
1.2.1. Sensory feedback
1.2.2. Neuromodulation
1.3. Modeling sensorimotor behaviors
1.3.1. Behavioral computations
1.3.2. Circuits computations
2 An open-loop access: sensorimotor circuits in the spinal cord across vertebrates
2.1. Extrinsic inputs to spinal sensorimotor circuits
2.1.1. Descending motor control
2.1.2. Ascending sensory feedback
2.2. Intrinsic spinal sensorimotor circuitry
2.2.1. Sensorimotor interneuronal networks
2.2.2. Spinal central pattern generator
2.3. Dynamic spinal sensorimotor interactions
2.3.1. Modulation of spinal circuitry from extrinsic inputs
2.3.2. Implications for plasticity after spinal cord injury
3 Closing the loop? Optogenetic manipulation of spinal sensorimotor circuits in zebrafish
3.1. Genetic targeting of spinal sensorimotor circuits in zebrafish
3.1.1. Identified sensorimotor neurons in the zebrafish spinal cord
3.1.2. A genetic toolbox for targeting populations of neurons
3.2. Optogenetic tools for monitoring and breaking neural circuits
3.2.1. Reporters: monitoring neural circuits
3.2.2. Actuators: breaking neural circuits
3.3. The escape response as a model for sensorimotor integration
3.3.1. The escape response and its supraspinal control
3.3.2. Monitoring spinal neurons during active locomotion
Part B. Mechanosensory neurons enhance motor output in the zebrafish spinal cord during active locomotion
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Results
2.1. Bioluminescence signals reflect the level of recruitment of motor neurons during movement
2.2. Spinal motor neurons recruitment is enhanced in the presence of mechanosensory feedback
2.3. Mechanosensory neurons are recruited during active but not fictive locomotion
2.4. Silencing mechanosensory neurons impairs escape responses
3 Discussion
3.1. Investigating sensorimotor integration in the spinal cord during ongoing locomotion
3.2. Non-invasive bioluminescence monitoring of genetically targeted neurons in motion
3.3. A closed-loop circuit within the spinal cord for mechanosensory integration
4 Methods
4.1. Zebrafish care and strains
4.2. Generation of transgenic lines
4.3. Immunohistochemistry for GFP-Aequorin and quantification of muscle fibers
4.4. Monitoring of neuronal activity with GFP-Aequorin bioluminescence
4.5. High-speed behavior recording
4.6. Bioluminescence analysis
4.7. Kinematics analysis
4.8. Calcium imaging of spinal motor neurons
4.9. Ventral nerve root recording (VNR)
4.10. Calcium imaging of spinal sensory neurons
4.11. Behavioral analysis of freely moving BoTxLCB larvae
4.12. Statistical analysis
Part C. From spatial to genetic targeting: a paradigm shift for neurosurgery..
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 How we moved to genetically targeted neuroscience
2.1. From morphological to genetic identification of neurons
2.2. Genetic targeting of neurons in tractable animal models
2.3. A toolbox for manipulating genetically identified neurons
3 Moving toward genetically targeted neurosurgery
3.1. Candidate diseases for genetically targeted neurosurgery
3.2. Genetic identification and cellular targeting in the human brain
3.3. Genetically targeted neuromodulation and neuroablation in patients
4 Two challenges for a paradigm shift
References