Preparation of electrolytes

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Table of contents

Chapter 1: State of the Art
I Early days of batteries
I.1 From the frog pond to the salt pond
I.2 Some lithium batteries sound better than others
II Current lithium battery technologies
II.1 Cathode materials
II.2 Anode materials
II.3 Electrolytes for Li batteries
III Post-Li-ion battery technologies
III.1 Lithium-sulfur
III.2 Non-aqueous metal-air batteries
III.3 Aqueous Li-Air batteries
IV Rechargeable Aprotic Li-O2 batteries – Last 5 years’ news
IV.1 Basic components
IV.1.a Negative electrode
IV.1.b Positive electrode
IV.1.c Electrolytes
IV.2 New trends
IV.2.a Redox mediators
IV.2.b Unified ORR mechanism
IV.3 Challenges and perspectives in non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries
V Lithium-Silicon Alloys
V.1 Electrochemical behavior and structural changes
V.2 Limiting the impacts of volume expansions
V.2.a Morphology of the particles
V.2.b Composite electrodes
V.2.c SEI and Electrolyte additives
V.2.d SiOx compounds
V.3 Prelithiation methods
V.4 Challenges and perspectives for lithium-silicon alloys
VI Conclusions
Chapter 2: Experimental procedures and new design of the Li-O2 test cell
I Material preparation
I.1 Electrodes for Li-O2 batteries
I.1.a Positive electrode
I.1.b Negative electrode
I.2 Preparation of electrolytes
I.2.a Electrolytes used in Li half-cells
I.2.b Electrolytes in Li-O2-type batteries
II Battery testing
II.1 Testing cells for Li-ion type batteries
II.1.a Two-electrode cells: Swagelok vs. Coin Cell
II.1.b Three-electrode cell
II.2 Testing cells for Li-O2 batteries
II.2.a Overview of common cells used in the literature
II.2.a.i Rudimentary cells
II.2.a.ii Metal-air dedicated cells
II.2.b Cells formerly used in our laboratory
II.2.c Cells for gas analysis
III Design of the pressurized Li-O2 test cell
III.1 Problematic
III.1.a Gas evolution monitoring
III.1.b Reproducibility
III.1.c User-friendliness
III.2 Cell description
III.3 Pressure measurement
III.3.a Sensor connection
III.3.b Sensor calibration
III.4 Related equipment
III.4.a Filling station
III.4.b Temperature controlled chamber
IV Figures of merit of the pressurized cell
IV.1 Stability
IV.2 Sensitivity
V Conclusions
Chapter 3: Study of lithium-oxygen batteries using a pressurized electrochemical test cell
I Prologue
I.1 Data interpretation
I.2 Added value of Pressurized Cells for studying Li-O2 batteries
II Lithium Nitrate in N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA)
III Tetraethyleneglycol dimethylether (TEGDME)
III.1 Electrochemical behavior
III.2 Identification of the parasitic reactions
III.2.a Comparing DMA- and TEGDME-based systems by impedance spectroscopy .
III.2.b Parasitic reactions at the positive and negative electrodes
III.2.c Mitigating parasitic reactions using redox mediators
IV Influence of the glyme chain length
IV.1 DME vs. longer glymes
IV.2 Redox mediator in DME-based cells
V Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
V.1 Quantification of parasitic reactions
VI Conclusions
Chapter 4: Development of Si composite electrodes as anode in LixSi-O2 batteries
I Si composite electrode with good cycling performance
I.1 Composite electrode preparation
I.2 Influence of the particle size on the cycling performances
I.3 Improving the cycling retention of M-Si-based electrodes
I.4 Improving the capacity of Si NP-based electrodes
II Influence of the pre-lithiation onto Si NP and their SiO2 shell
II.1 Electrochemical pre-lithiation techniques
II.2 Improved performances of prelithiated Si NP electrodes
II.2.a Effect of a short-circuit and a plating sequence
II.2.b Investigating the SiO2 reduction process using a potentiostatic discharge
II.3 Reduction of pure silica
III Lithium-Air batteries using lithiated silicon as anode
III.1 The LixSi electrodes within the context of Li-Air batteries
III.1.a Electrode loading
III.1.b Balancing Li losses
III.1.c Prelithiation sequence
III.2 Recovering the LixSi electrode
III.2.a Resting time after lithiation
III.2.b Glass Fiber vs. Celgard-type separator
III.2.c Washing process and cycling in a Li-O2 electrolyte
III.3 Study of full LixSi-O2 batteries
III.3.a Experimental setup
III.3.b LixSi-O2 full cells using high capacity Si electrodes
III.3.c LixSi-O2 full cells using p-LixSi electrodes
III.3.d LixSi-O2 full cells with limited depth of discharge
III.3.e Improving the cycle-life of the LixSi anode with a physical protection
IV Conclusions
General Conclusions
Bibliography