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Table of contents
Remerciements
Table of content
Introduction
Bibliography
Chapter 1 Background, Significance and Approaches of Research
1. Dust Emission processes
2. Sources, Transport and Deposition of Mineral Dust to the Southern Ocean
2.1. Distribution and contribution of dust sources in the Southern Ocean
2.1.1. Distribution of dust sources
2.1.2. Contribution of dust sources in the Southern Ocean
2.2. Dust transport and deposition in the Southern Ocean
3. Mineral Dust as Micronutrient Supplier
3.1. Elemental composition of mineral dust
3.2. Bioavailability of trace elements in dust
3.2.1. Factors controlling the solubility of micronutrients in mineral dust: the case of iron
3.2.2. Common methods of elemental solubility estimation
4. Research Topics and Strategies
4.1. Research topics
4.2. Research Strategies
4.2.1. Long-term dust concentration measurements in Patagonia
4.2.2. Spatial heterogeneity of source dust elemental compositions
4.2.3. Some aspects of the solubility of continental dust
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Long-term dust concentration measurements in Patagonia
Introduction of Chapter
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Aerosol sampling location and methods
2.2. Elemental analysis
2.3. Chemical compositions of the crustal fraction of the aerosol
2.4. Air mass back trajectories
2.5. Wind simulation and meteorological records
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Chemical composition of the dust fraction
3.2. Atmospheric concentration of sea salt and mineral dust
3.3. Seasonal pattern of the aerosol concentration
3.4. Meteorological dependence of seasonal dynamics of dust concentrations and emission
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References List
Supporting Information for the article
XRF measurement conditions and calibration lines
Conclusions of Chapter 2
Chapter 3 Spatial Heterogeneity of source dust compositions
Introduction of Chapter
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study area
2.1. Patagonia Desert
2.2. Namibia: Namib Desert and Kalahari Desert
3. Materials and methods
3.1. Soil-derived aerosol generation
3.2. Soil sample collection
3.3. Elemental analysis
3.4. Principal component analysis of compositional data
3.5. Accumulation factor and enrichment factor of dust relative to parent soil
4. Results and discussion
4.1. Elemental composition of soil and aerosol
4.1.1. Element concentration of topsoil and soil-derived dust in Patagonia and Namibia
4.1.2. Spatial variation of elemental composition in regional scale
4.1.3. Robust principle component analysis
4.2. Variation of elemental composition from bulk soil to aerosol
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References List
Supporting Information for the article
Soil tablets preparation and measurement
Soil-derived aerosol analysis: the “thin layer method”
Conclusions of Chapter 3
Chapter 4 Contribution to Bioavailability Study of Mineral Dust from Patagonia and Namibia
Introduction of Chapter
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Mineral aerosol samples
2.2. Dissolution experiments of aerosol sample
2.3. Centrifugation separation of suspension
2.4. Chemical analysis
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Comparison of solubility values between centrifugation and filtration
3.2. Variation of solubility with elements and its dependence on pH
3.3. Dependence of solubility on types of dust sample
4. Conclusion
5. Prospect
Acknowledgements
References List
Supporting Information
Conclusions of Chapter 4
Conclusions and prospects
Appendix
Appendix 1. Super clean protocol
Appendix 2. Classification of cleanroom (ISO 14644-1)
Appendix 3. XRF instrument (PANalytical, Epsilon 3XL) and XRF analysis
Appendix 4. Illustration of aerosol sampling station in Río Gallegos, Patagonia
Appendix 5. Atmospheric concentration of Si, Al, Fe, Na, dust and sea salt measured in Río Gallegos
Appendix 6. Dust generation by SyGAVib: the condition set
Appendix 7. Map of elemental composition for a) Patagonian soils, b) Namibian soils, c) Patagonian dust, d) Namibian dust.
Appendix 8. Elemental concentration in soils (SP: Soil from Patagonia; SN: Soil from Namibia)
Appendix 9. Elemental concentration in dust (DP: Dust from Patagonia; DN: Dust from Namibia)
Appendix 10. Coordinates of soil samples and total mass of dust generated from soil (DP: Dust from Patagonia; DN: Dust from Namibia)
Appendix 11. Photo of soil sampling
Appendix 12. Mass of elements, differential Solubility and pH after leaching
List of figures
List of tables
