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Table of contents
1. Immune system and tumors: a complex discourse
1.1. Origin of the concept of tumor microenvironment
1.2. Origin and concept of immune surveillance
1.2.1. Immunoediting: 3 `E’ concept
1.3. Tumor microenvironment: a complex interactome
1.3.1. Characteristics of contexture
1.3.2. Cancer associated TLS
1.3.2.1. General characteristics of TLS
1.3.2.2. Formation of TLS
1.3.3. TLS in anti-tumor immune response
1.4. Infiltration of immune cells in solid tumor: a strong prognostic marker
1.4.1. Prognostic importance of the TLS in cancer
2. Tregs: Key Regulators of anti-tumor immune response
2.1. Discovery and features of regulatory T cells
2.2. Regulatory T cell subsets
2.3. Regulatory mechanisms exerted by Tregs
2.3.1. Inhibitory cytokines
2.3.2. Suppression by cytolysis
2.3.3. Suppression by metabolic disruption
2.3.4. Cell to cell contact dependent suppression: Involvement of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals
2.4. How many mechanisms do Tregs need? Treg plasticity
2.5. Infiltration, differentiation and activation of Tregs in tumor microenvironment
2.5.1. Infiltration of Tregs in tumor microenvironment
2.5.2. Expansion and activation of Tregs
2.5.3. Antigen specificity of Tregs in cancer
2.6. Tregs in cancer: ambiguity in prognostic importance
3. Tregs and immunotherapy: a blessing in disguise?
4. Lung cancer: a study model
4.1. Etiology and histology of the lung cancer
4.2. TNM classification and survival of patients
4.3. Treatment of lung cancer patients
4.4. Era of combined therapies: promising for NSCLC
