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Table of contents
General introduction
Chapter 1: From chemistry and physics to the design of new double network elastomers
1. Introduction
2. Chemistry and physics of crosslinked elastomeric networks
2.1. Synthesis of permanent polymeric networks
2.2. From chain physics to network properties
3. Fracture of soft materials and how to reinforce them
3.1. Description of fracture in soft materials, a matter of dissipation
3.2. General guidelines for improving the fracture resistance of soft materials
4. The multiple network strategy: from the original concept to new properties
4.1. Double network hydrogels
4.2. From hydrogels to elastomers
4.3. The challenge of describing the reinforcing mechanism theoretically
4.4. Toward new properties for multiple network elastomers
5. Bringing anisotropy to double network elastomers
5.1. Example of anisotropic polymeric systems
5.2. Oriented chains in rubbers, a key element for some applications
5.3. Battle plan, or how to make double networks anisotropic
6. Conclusions
7. References
Chapter 2: Design and preliminary study of two effective dual-curing systems
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of the requirements specifications
1.2. Presentation of the thermal system
1.3. Presentation of the UV system
1.4. Outline
2. Generalities about chemistry and material preparation
2.1. Chemicals and formulation
2.2. Materials synthesis
2.3. Characterization methods
3. Study of the thermal system
3.1. A kinetic study of the system
3.2. Variation of the initial formulation
3.3. Partial conclusion and identification of a working point formulation
4. Study of the UV system
4.1. Effect of crosslinker content
4.2. Effect of initiator content
4.3. Effect of allyl acrylate content
4.4. The issue of sample-to-sample variability
5. Conclusions
6. References
Chapter 3: Application of the dual-cure systems to the preparation of prestretched filler networks
1. Introduction
2. Preparation process
2.1. Initial network formulations
2.2. Prestretching and second curing
2.3. Problems encountered during the thermal second curing
3. Preparation of prestretched samples and measurement of prestretching
3.1. Presentation of the results
3.2. Comparison to Flory’s model
3.3. Additional mechanical characterization for the thermal system
4. Prospective: what to expect in a double network structure?
4.1. Description of the approach
4.2. Derivation of the model
5. Conclusions
6. References
Chapter 4: Incorporation of prestretched filler networks into double network structures
1. Introduction
2. Preparation process and additional characterization tools
2.1. Filler networks
2.2. Preparation of double networks
2.3. Step-cyclic tests
2.4. Fracture tests
3. Study of two examples of prestretched DN
3.1. Relative changes in dimensions
3.2. Mechanical characterization
3.3. Toward a more detailed characterization?
3.4. Partial conclusion
4. Systematic study of the UV system
4.1. Identification of typical trends and odd ones
4.2. Study of unprestretched double network samples
4.3. Study of prestretched DN using envelope curves
4.4. Exploitation of the entire cyclic test
4.5. Suggested physical picture
5. Influence of damage on mechanical properties for the UV system
5.1. Study of viscoelastic properties
5.2. Study of fracture properties
6. Conclusions
7. References
Chapter 5: Toward glassy filler networks
1. Introduction and context
2. Materials preparation and characterization
2.1. Overall presentation of the preparation strategy
2.2. Materials preparation
2.3. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
2.4. Tensile tests
3. Results regarding the materials preparation
3.1. Overall overview of the synthesis
3.2. Quantitative parameters associated to synthesis
4. DMA characterizations
4.1. Effect of the nature of the crosslinker
4.2. Effect of crosslinker content / UV synthesis / BDMA crosslinker
4.3. Effect of initiation type
5. Tensile characterizations
5.1. UV-polymerized DN with 0.75mol% BDMA
5.2. UV-polymerized DN with 1.5 mol% BDA
6. Conclusions
7. References
General conclusions and prospects
