Chloroplast marker selection

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Table of contents

1 GLOSSARY
2 INTRODUCTION
Life cycle evolution
Mating system evolution
The biological Model
Thesis goals
3 EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF MATING SYSTEMS AMONG THE FUCACEAE (PHAEOPHYCEAE) INFERRED FROM A PHYLOGENETIC STUDY BASED ON INTERGENIC CHLOROPLAST SEQUENCES
3.1 Abstract
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Material & methods
3.3.1 Taxon sampling and DNA extraction
3.3.2 Chloroplast marker selection
3.3.3 DNA amplification and sequencing
3.3.4 Sequence analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Polymorphism of the cpDNA regions
3.4.2 Phylogenetic analyses
3.4.3 Ancestrality of sexual phenotypes
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Acknowledgments
3.7 References
4 GENETIC ISOLATION BETWEEN THREE CLOSELY RELATED TAXA: FUCUS VESICULOSUS, F. SPIRALIS AND F. CERANOIDES
4.1 Absract
4.2 Introduction
4.3 Materials and Methods
4.3.1 Sampling
4.3.2 DNA extraction, PCR reaction and genotyping
4.3.3 Data analysis
4.4 Results and discussion
4.5 Acknowledgements
4.6 References
5 ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL PHENOTYPE AND PREZYGOTIC FERTILITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF FUCUS SPIRALIS, F. VESICULOSUS (FUCACEAE, PHAEOPHYCEAE) AND IN THEIR PUTATIVE HYBRIDS
5.1 Abstract
5.2 Introduction
5.3 Materials and Methods
5.3.1 Sampling
5.3.2 Variation in sexual phenotype and male and female fertility within individuals
5.3.3 Variation for male and female fertilities between both parental taxa
5.3.4 Comparison between hybrids and parental species
5.4 Results
5.4.1 Variation of sexual phenotype within individuals
5.4.2 Variation in male and female fertility within individuals
5.4.3 Variation in male and female fertility between parental taxa
5.4.4 Comparison between hybrids and parental species
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Acknowledgements
5.7 References
6 A MOSAIC OF HYBRIDS BETWEEN SPECIES WITH ACONTRASTING REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS AT THE MICRO-SPATIAL-SCALE OF THE SHORE: PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC ANALYSES
6.1 Abstract
6.2 Introduction
6.3 Materials and Methods
6.3.1 Sampling design
6.3.2 DNA extraction, PCR reaction and genotyping
6.3.3 Chloroplast DNA genotyping
6.3.4 Genetic analyses
6.3.5 Spatial auto-correlation
6.3.6 Phenotypic analyses
6.3.7 Sexual phenotype analysis
6.4 Results
6.4.1 Genetic analyses
􀀹 Quadrats
􀀹 Transects
6.4.2 Phenology
6.5 Discussion
6.5.1 Number of genetic clusters
6.5.2 Diagnostic marker in Chloroplast
6.5.3 Hybridization
6.6 Acknowledgements
6.7 References
7 CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES
7.1 Phylogenetic approaches
7.1.1 Development cytoplasmic markers
7.1.2 Evolution of dioecy from hermaphroditism in Fucus
7.2 Population genetic approaches
7.2.1 Genetic barriers within the species complex Fucus vesiculosus /spiralis / ceranoides
7.2.2 Two divergent entities within F. spiralis
7.2.3 The shore as a model of hybrid zone in Fucus
7.2.4 Reproductive system and mating system
7.2.5 Neutrality of microsatellite markers used?
7.3 Population Biology Approaches
7.3.1 Différences of resource allocation to male and female function between hermaphroditic and dioecious individuals
7.3.2 Phenological discrepancy and hybridization
7.4 Hybridization / selection in Fucus
7.5 Evolution of reproductive systems
8 REFERENCES
9 APPENDICES