Sign-based Communication

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Table of contents

1 Introduction to Intelligent Transport Systems 
1.1 Present Developments Towards ITS
1.1.1 ITS in Japan
1.1.2 ITS in USA
1.1.3 ITS in Europe
1.2 Currently Available Technologies to assist ITS
1.2.1 Sign-based Communication
1.2.2 Satellite Communication
1.2.3 Terrestrial Radio Broadcast
1.2.4 Dedicated Short-Range Communications
1.2.5 Cellular Mobile Communication
1.2.6 Image Recognition
1.3 Enhancing ITS services using Vehicular Communication
1.4 Socio-Economic Impact of ITS-based Vehicular Communication
1.5 Broadcasting ITS events using Mobility Information of Vehicles
1.6 Summary
2 Multi-hop Vehicular Communication for ITS 
2.1 Radio Characteristics of Vehicular Networks
2.1.1 Radio Range
2.1.2 Causes of Radio Irregularity
2.1.3 Impact of Radio Irregularity
2.1.4 Interference Computation and Signal Reception
2.2 Node Characteristics in a Vehicular Network
2.2.1 Node Speed
2.2.2 Node Mobility Pattern
2.2.3 Node Density
2.2.4 Node Heterogeneity
2.3 Flooding in Vehicular Networks
2.3.1 Probabilistic Methods
2.3.2 Counter-Based Methods
2.3.3 Coverage-Based Methods
2.4 Exploiting Location Information for Flooding in Vehicular Networks
2.5 Functional Requirements for ITS Event Dissemination Algorithms
2.6 Summary
3 Ecient Flooding in Vehicular Networks
3.1 Location Specific Forwarding
3.2 Backfire – Controlling Redundant Receptions
3.3 Dynamic Scheduling – Decreasing Delay
3.4 Controlling Event Dissemination Frequency – Reducing Bandwidth Utilization
3.5 Adaptive Backfire – Increasing Connectivity
3.6 Summary
4 MHVB Protocol Specication for Location-based Flooding 
4.1 Packet Format
4.2 Configuration
4.3 Transmission of MHVB packet
4.3.1 Jitter
4.4 Processing MHVB packet
4.5 Determining Backfire
4.6 Triggering Dynamic Scheduling
4.7 Summary
5 ITS-Specic Quantitative Evaluation of Position-Based Broadcast Protocols 
5.1 Mobility Scenarios
5.2 Chosen Protocols
5.3 Simulation Settings
5.4 Performance evaluation of MHVB protocol under ITS requirements
5.5 Impact of Defer Times on Packet Re-transmission
5.6 Packet Freshness
5.7 Performance of Individual Components of MHVB
5.7.1 Performance of Sectoral Backfire
5.7.2 Performance of Dynamic Scheduling
5.7.3 Impact of Varied Relative Speed between Lanes
5.7.4 Varied Application Requirements
5.8 Summary
6 Securing Position-based Vehicular Communication for Intelligent Transport Systems 
6.1 Attack Possibilities on ITS event dissemination
6.1.1 Identity-based attacks
6.1.2 Attacks on ITS data validity
6.1.3 Mobility Data Manipulation
6.2 Analysis of Position-based Attack
6.3 Counter-measures
6.3.1 Detection and Fusion – Trust Evaluation
6.3.2 Trustworthiness Sensors
6.3.2.1 Basic-trust Sensor – Prior Trust
6.3.2.2 Reception Range Threshold
6.3.3 Trust Decision – Handling False Data
6.4 Summary
7 Conclusion 
Bibliography