ICCD imaging

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
1.1 Plasma
1.1.1 Dielectric barrier discharges
1.1.2 Plasma jets
1.1.3 Plasma jet applications
1.2 Motivation and research goals
1.3 Structure of the thesis
2 Diagnostics and experimental setups 
2.1 General plasma jet setup
2.2 Energy measurements
2.3 ICCD imaging
2.3.1 Experimental setup
2.3.2 Data analysis
2.4 Stark polarization spectroscopy
2.4.1 Experimental setup
2.4.2 Data analysis
2.5 Thomson and rotational Raman scattering setup
2.5.1 Experimental setup
2.5.2 Data analysis
2.6 Temperature probe
2.6.1 Experimental setup
2.6.2 Center of jet determination
2.6.3 Measurements
2.6.4 Data analysis
2.7 Schlieren imaging
2.7.1 Experimental setup
2.7.2 Measurements
2.8 Potential of a conductive target
2.8.1 Experimental setup
2.8.2 Data analysis
2.9 Summary
3 Theoretical calculation of the Stark shifts of the spectral lines of atomic helium 
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Stark effect
3.3 Derivation of the Stark shifts
3.3.1 Solving the Schr¨odinger equation for hydrogen
3.3.2 Approximations for the helium atom
3.3.3 Applying degenerate perturbation theory for the influence of the electric field
3.3.4 Application to specific helium lines
3.4 Comparison to previous work
3.5 Selecting the axial component of the electric field
3.6 Summary
4 Comparison of discharge propagation parameters in experiments and simulations of a helium jet without target 
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Setup
4.2.1 Experimental setup
4.2.2 Numerical setup
4.3 Results and discussion
4.3.1 Characterization of discharge propagation and peak electric field
4.3.2 Characterization of electron density and temperature
4.3.3 End of discharge propagation
4.4 Conclusions
5 Flow profile and air entrainment in a free helium jet 
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental setup
5.2.1 Rotational Raman scattering
5.2.2 Stark polarization spectroscopy
5.2.3 Schlieren imaging
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Helium flow expanding in air
5.3.2 Influence of plasma on the flow structure
5.3.3 Quantitative schlieren results
5.3.4 Influence of applied voltage pulse
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Comparison with literature
5.4.2 Comparison with a sinusoidal (AC) jet
5.4.3 Quantitative schlieren imaging
5.5 Conclusions
6 Gas temperature in a free helium jet 
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experimental setup
6.2.1 Rotational Raman scattering
6.2.2 Temperature probe
6.2.3 Energy measurements
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Influence of plasma
6.3.2 Comparison of measurement techniques
6.3.3 Influence of the applied voltage pulse
6.3.4 Influence of a target on the gas temperature profile
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 Gas heating processes
6.4.2 Determination of main heating mechanism
6.4.3 Comparison to AC jet
6.4.4 Increasing temperature in the effluent
6.4.5 Estimation of the electrohydrodynamic force
6.4.6 Main mechanism that induces turbulence in the flow
6.5 Conclusions
7 Interaction of a plasma jet with grounded and floating metallic targets: simulations and experiments 
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Setup
7.2.1 Experimental setup
7.2.2 Numerical setup
7.3 Results and discussion
7.3.1 Characterization of discharge propagation and peak electric field
7.3.2 Jet-target interaction
7.3.3 Discussion on the discrepancy of charging and uncharging the floating metallic target
7.4 Conclusions
8 General conclusions and perspectives 
8.1 Conclusions
8.1.1 Free jet
8.1.2 Jet with a metallic target
8.2 Outlook
Bibliography 
List of Publications
Contributions of the Author
Acknowledgements / Remerciements / Dankwoord
Curriculum Vitae