Homodyne detector

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Table of contents

Abstract
Acknowledgment
Contents
Introduction
Publications and awards
I Theoretical and Experimental Tools
1 Quantum Theory of Light
1.1 Photons
1.2 Representations of quantum states
1.3 Gaussian manipulations
1.4 Gaussian states
1.5 Non-Gaussian states
1.6 Conclusion
2 Nonlinear Frequency Conversion
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Spontaneous down-conversion
2.3 Coherent frequency up- and down-conversion
2.4 Conclusion
3 Quantum Theory of Measurements
3.1 Positive Operator Valued Measures
3.2 Photon detectors
3.3 Homodyne detector
3.4 Conditional state preparation
3.5 MaxLik for quantum state tomography
3.6 Conclusion
4 Automatic Locking System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Algorithm and model
4.3 Cavity locking
4.4 Integration and remote monitor
4.5 Conclusion
II Hybrid Entanglement Generation
5 Heralded Fock States
5.1 Single-photon state generation
5.2 Two-photon state generation
5.3 Engineering of two-photon superposition states
5.4 Heralding photons with temporal separation
5.5 Conclusion
6 Schrödinger Cat States
6.1 Generation of odd cat states
6.2 π-phase gate for generating even cat state
6.3 State engineering with time-separated conditioning
6.4 Conclusion
7 Hybrid entangled states
7.1 Hybrid qubit entanglement
7.2 Hybrid qutrit entanglement
7.3 Additional subtraction for hybrid qubit entanglement
7.4 Squeezing-induced micro-macro states
7.5 Conclusion
III Frequency Up-conversion
8 Coincident Frequency Up-conversion System
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Synchronized fiber lasers
8.3 Up-conversion system
8.4 Results and discussion
8.5 Conclusion
9 Applications of Frequency Conversion System
9.1 Infrared photon-number-resolving detection
9.2 Few-photon-level infrared imaging
9.3 Generation of mid-infrared light
9.4 Conclusion
Conclusion and outlook
Appendix
A Mathematical formula
A.1 Gauss integrals
A.2 Laguerre polynomials
A.3 Hermite polynomials (physicists’ version)
B g(2)(0) invariance to loss
B.1 Expectation value for symmetric ordered operator
B.2 Symmetric ordering of field operator
B.3 Single-mode Gaussian state
B.4 Loss on single-mode Gaussian state
B.5 g(2)(0) invariant to loss
C Homodyne data simulation
C.1 Intuitive method
C.2 Homodyne signal simulation
C.3 Quantum state reconstruction
D Qmixer
D.1 Fock states generation
D.2 Superposition of |0i and |2i
D.3 Photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum states
D.4 Squeezed cat states from |ni
D.5 Quantum-optical catalysis
D.6 Amplification of cat states
E MCU locking
E.1 Pseudo code for multi-locking
E.2 Configuration of integration box
F SSPD
F.1 Structure
F.2 Performance
F.3 Optimization
Bibliography