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Table of contents
Abstract
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
2 Review of magnetic sensors
2.1 Hall sensors
2.2 Search coil
2.3 Flux-gate
2.4 Magnetoresistance and Magnetoimpedance magnetometer
2.4.1 AMR
2.4.2 GMR and TMR
2.4.3 GMI
2.5 Magneto-Electric sensor
2.6 Application
3 Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Sensor
3.1 Principle
3.2 Temperature eect
3.3 Cross-eld eect
3.4 Flipping
3.4.1 Cross-eld error compensation
3.4.2 Temperature drift on the bias measurement
3.4.3 Power consumption of ipping method
3.5 Low-cost electronic design
3.6 Sensor performances and equivalent magnetic noise
4 Calibration algorithm and sensor error modeling
4.1 Vector magnetometer error modeling
4.1.1 Scale factor
4.1.2 Misalignment error
4.1.3 Soft iron error
4.1.4 Hard iron error
4.1.5 Sensor bias
4.2 Calibration process
5 Novel compensation method of the cross-axis eect
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Methods using additional electronic design
5.1.1.1 Flipping method
5.1.1.2 Feedback loop
5.1.2 Sensor fabrication process
5.1.3 Methods using numerical computation
5.2 Numerical compensation method of cross axis in Earth’s magnetic eld.
5.2.1 Compensation method without ipping
5.2.2 Compensation method using ipping
5.3 Experimental result
5.3.1 Sensor board
5.3.2 Scale factors
5.3.3 Method to nd scale factors
5.3.4 Results
5.3.4.1 Non ipped sensor
5.3.4.2 Flipped sensor
6 Indoor calibration
6.1 Indoor magnetometer calibration system (IMCS)
6.1.1 Theory of operation
6.1.2 Hardware Overview
6.1.2.1 Driver board
6.1.2.2 Study of the Helmholtz coil design
6.1.2.3 Mu-metal box design
6.1.2.4 Sensor board
6.1.3 Experimental results
6.1.3.1 Evaluate the performance of IMCS
6.1.3.2 Calibration results
6.1.3.3 Arbitrary position
6.2 On-board solution (auto-calibration)
6.2.1 Theory of operation
6.2.2 Experimental results
6.2.2.1 Evaluation of the performance of the oset coil for calibrating the AMR sensors
6.2.2.2 Results
7 Conclusion
A Helmholtz coil
A.1 Magnetic eld provided by a current loop
A.2 Magnetic eld provided by a combination of two coils
A.3 Simulating the eect of an angular error of one coil on the uniformity of the magnetic eld of two coil combinations
B Mu-metal box
B.1 Shape
B.2 Size
B.3 Distance between the layers
B.4 Number of layers
