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Table of contents
Résumé
Abstract
Remerciements
Contents
List of Notations
1 General Introduction
2 Biological Membranes
2.1 Lipids: The Building Block Of Membranes
2.1.1 Glycerophospholipids
2.1.2 Sphingolipids
2.1.3 Sterols
2.2 Vesicular Trac
2.2.1 General Features Of Vesicular Transport
2.2.2 Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
2.2.3 Synaptic Vesicle Recycling
3 Physics Of Membrane
3.1 Theoretical Description Of A Membrane
3.1.1 Stretching
3.1.2 Shearing
3.1.3 Bending
3.1.4 Canham-Helfrich Theory
3.1.5 Membrane Tension
3.2 Experimental Studies Of Membrane Mechanics
3.2.1 Control Of Membrane Tension With A Micropipette
3.2.2 Nanotube Extrusion
3.3 Physics Of Membrane Fission
3.3.1 Role Of Bending Energy In Fission
3.3.2 Fission Induced By Lipid Phase-Separation
4 The Dynamin Protein
4.1 Discovery Of A Membrane-Remodelling GTPase
4.1.1 Discovery
4.1.2 Role In Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
4.1.3 Dynamin Is Implicated In Several Membrane-Remodelling Processes
4.1.4 Dynamin-Related Proteins
4.2 Dynamin Structure: From Monomer to Helix
4.2.1 Monomer
4.2.2 The Helix
4.3 Interplay Between GTPase Activity And Polymerization
4.3.1 Dynamin Is An Atypical GTPase
4.3.2 Polymerization Stimulates GTPase Activity
4.3.3 GTPase Activity Modies The Helical Structure
4.4 Fission Mechanism(s)
4.4.1 Spring Or Garrote?
4.4.2 Is Constriction Leading to Fission?
4.4.3 Does Dynamin Depolymerize Before Fission?
4.4.4 How Does Membrane Elasticity Inuence Dynamin-Mediated Fission? .
5 Dynamin Constriction Is Concerted And Damped by Membrane Friction
5.1 Introduction To Article 1
5.2 Article 1:
Deformation of Dynamin Helices Damped by Membrane Friction.
5.3 Summary of Article 1
6 Fission is Regulated by Membrane Shape
6.1 Introduction to Article 2
6.2 Article 2: Membrane Shape at the Edge of the Dynamin Helix Sets Location and Duration of Fission
6.3 Complementary Experiments
6.3.1 Constriction Radius
6.3.2 Dynamin Mutant Experiments
6.3.3 Dynamin Depolymerization
6.4 Summary of Article 2
7 Discussion
7.1 Dynamin: a Molecular Motor
7.2 Dierent Fission Mechanisms?
7.2.1 Common Features Between Phase Separation-Induced and Dynamin- Mediated Fission
7.2.2 Predictions For Other Fission Machineries
7.3 Fission Versus Fusion
7.4 In Vitro Fission Versus In Vivo Fission
7.4.1 In Vitro Helix Versus In Vivo Helix
7.4.2 Membrane Requirements For Fission In Vivo
8 Conclusion
Bibliographie
