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Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Abstract
List of abbreviations
Résumé
Summary
1 An overview of magnetic resonance imaging
1.1 A short history of nuclear magnetic resonance
1.2 Basic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance
1.2.1 Basic interactions
1.2.2 Chemical shifts, and spin-spin couplings
1.2.3 Relaxation and Bloch equations
1.3 A short history of magnetic resonance imaging
1.3.1 Projectional magnetic resonance tomography
1.3.2 Slice-selection and line-scanning
1.3.3 Fourier NMR imaging and k-space
1.4 Non-Fourier MRI techniques
1.4.1 Hybrid imaging techniques
1.4.2 Cross-encoding
2 The effects of diffusion in spatially encoded magnetic resonance imaging
2.1 Diffusion: a short introduction
2.1.1 Fick’s laws
2.1.2 Unrestricted diffusion
2.1.3 The effects of diffusion on NMR signals
2.1.4 Restricted diffusion, and apparent diffusion coefficient
2.2 Levelling the effects of molecular diffusion in spatially encoded magnetic resonance imaging
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Theory
2.2.3 Experimental
2.2.4 Results and discussion
2.2.5 Concluding remarks
3 Contrast enhancement by echo shifting in spatially encoded single-scan MRI
3.1 Types of contrast available in traditional Fourier MRI
3.2 Types of contrast available in spatially encoded MRI
3.3 Theory
3.3.1 Contrast enhancement
3.4 Experimental
3.5 Results and discussion
3.5.1 Enhanced contrast
3.5.2 Informative maps
3.5.3 Concluding remarks
4 Alternative sequences for single-scan time-encoding MRI
4.1 Gradient switching rate in available single-scan techniques
4.2 Modifications on the original hybrid time-encoding sequence
4.2.1 Uniform echo time
4.2.2 Reducing the gradient switching rate
4.2.3 Interleaved spin-packet-selection
4.3 Experimental
4.4 Results and discussion
4.4.1 Interleaving
4.4.2 The effects of excitation pulses with different shapes
4.4.3 Overlapping excitation pulses
4.4.4 Time-encoding sequence with uniform susceptibility effects .
4.4.5 Importance of the coincidence of echoes
4.4.6 Concluding remarks
Bibliography
