LEADERSHIP MISCONCEPTIONS IN MARK 10:35-45

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Introduction

Leadership is an interesting topic of discussion that has dominated space across all mediums in general. It is casually discussed almost every day in social media and networks. Leadership is formally discussed by talk show hosts on radio and television stations and by social commentators and political analysts in the print media. In the South African parliament, for example, most motions are passed on a specific leader or leadership of a political organisation. Leadership is common in all arἷas oἸ onἷ’s liἸἷ in the family, sports, politics, church and community, private and public institutions. It is evident that leadership is an unavoidable and pertinent topic of discussion. In the African context, leadership is equally an interesting topic of discussion. According to James (2008:359) Africa needs extraordinary leadership skills because of the overwhelming challenges of poverty, disease and conflict. In addition, Africa requires leaders of remarkable vision, ability, and integrity at all levels of society. Kgatle (2012:5) opines that Africa as a continent is not in a financial crisis but a leadership crisis. In most African countries, the political leadership does not have the
interest of the people at heart but hungry for power and positions. Therefore change in Africa can be effected by change in leadership. Fourie, Van der Merwe and Van der Merwe (2015:1) emphasises that the lack of responsible leadership is the reason for the continued challenges on the continent and good leadership is the solution for developing Africa.

Definition of leadership

Leadership is an interpersonal process that can take place between two people (Killerman 1984:10). In that interpersonal process Swart (1985:4) points out that a leader needs to create a climate in which individuals or groups are activated to pursue a goal or goals within a specific situation. According to Gardener (1990:1) leadership is the process of persuasion or example by which an individual (or leadership team) induces a group to pursue objectives held or shared by the leader and his or her followers.

Different styles of leadership

There are four basic leadership styles based on a decision-making model and four basic leadership styles based on a path-goal model. The four basic leadership styles based on the decision-making model are: Autocratic, the power to make decisions lies with the leader. Democratic, there is freedom of expression and followers are given an opportunity to participate in anyway. Consultative, the leader seeks ideas from followers. Group-ἶirἷἵtἷἶ, thἷ lἷaἶἷr utilisἷs thἷ group’s aἴility by encouraging
participative decision-making.

Description of African Pentecostal Christianity

In order to describe African Pentecostal Christianity, it is important to define Pentecostalism first. Pentecostalism is a renewal movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit (Anderson 2000:24). Pentecostalism is based on the events as described in Acts 2:1-4 that when the day of Pentecost fully arrived, they were all with one accord in one place. Suddenly therecame a sound from heaven like a rushing mighty wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. There appeared unto them cloven tongues as if on fire, and it sat upon each of them. They were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.

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Acknowledgements
Declaration
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.2.1 Definition of leadership
1.2.2 Different styles of leadership
1.2.3 Definition of servant leadership
1.2.4 Description of African Pentecostal Christianity
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3.1 Context of Study: Mark 10:35-45
1.3.2 The problem
1.3.3 Hypothesis
1.4 RESEARCH HISTORY AND GAP
1.4.1 Research history
1.4.2 Research Gap
1.5 METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MARK
2.1 AUTHORSHIP, DATE, PLACE OF WRITING AND RECIPIENTS
2.1.1 Authorship
2.1.2 Date of writing
2.1.3 Place of writing
2.1.4 Recipients
2.2 STRUCTURE OF MARK
2.3 PURPOSE OF MARK
2.4 DISCIPLESHIP IN MARK
2.5 CHRISTOLOGY IN MARK
2.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 3: SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN MARK 10:35-45
3.1 LEADERSHIP MISCONCEPTIONS IN MARK 10:35-45
3.1.1 Kinship misconception
3.1.2 Self-interest and ambition misconception
3.1.3 Position misconception
3.1.4 Competition misconception
3.1.5 Lordship and authority misconception
3.1.6 Conclusion
3.2 SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN MARK 10:35-45
3.2.1 Sἷrvant lἷaἶἷrship is thἷ ‘ἵup’ anἶ ‘ἴaptism’ oἸ suἸἸἷring
3.2.2 Servant leadership positions are granted by God the Father
3.2.3 Servant leadership means to be servant of all
3.2.4 Summary
3.3 SON OF MAN: A GREAT ROLE MODEL
3.3.1 Jesus as a minister and a servant of all
3.3.2 Jesus as life giver
3.3.3 Summary
CHAPTER 4: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AFRICAN PENTECOSTAL CHRISTIANITY
4.1 THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF THE WORLDWIDE PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENT
4.1.1 The distinctive features of the worldwide Pentecostal movement
4.1.2 Founding father of the worldwide Pentecostal Movement
4.2 THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF AFRICAN PENTECOSTAL CHRISTIANITY
4.2.1 Andrew Murray and the 1860 Dutch Reformed Church revival
4.2.2 Azusa Street and African Pentecostal Christianity
4.2.3 The Zionist movement and African Pentecostal Christianity
4.2.4 Conclusion
4.3 EARLY HISTORY OF APOSTOLIC FAITH MISSION OF SOUTH AFRICA:1908-1913
4.3.1 Important role players during these years
4.3.2 The role of the Central Tabernacle congregation
4.3.3 The Apostolic Faith Mission and the Pentecostal Mission
4.3.4 The origin of name: Apostolic Faith Mission and registration
4.3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5: SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN AFRICAN PENTECOSTAL CHRISTIANITY
5.1 LEADERSHIP MISCONCEPTIONS IN THE APOSTOLIC FAITH MISSION BEFORE 1996
5.1.1 Racial segregation
5.1.2 White supremacy
5.1.3 Schisms
5.1.4 Summary
5.2 SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN APOSTOLIC FAITH MISSION AFTER 1996 .. 213
5.2.1 Servant leadership is unity
5.2.2 Servant leadership positions in a transparent elections
5.2.3 Servant leadership and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
5.2.4 Summary
5.3 FRANK CHIKANE: A LIVING ROLE MODEL
5.3.1 No life of my own
5.3.2 Servant of reconciliation
5.3.3 A servant leader of unity
5.3.4 Summary
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
6.1 LEADERSHIP MISCONCEPTIONS
6.1.1 Kinship and racism
6.1.2 Positions and schisms
6.1.3 Lordship and White supremacy
6.2 SERVANT LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES
6.2.1 Divine appointment and elections
6.2.2 Service and unity
6.3 SERVANT LEADERSHIP APPLIED TO AFRICAN PENTECOSTAL
CHRISTIANITY
6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS
6.5 AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
WORKS CONSULTED