Aphid parasitoids as biological control agents

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Table of contents

Chapter 1. Host range testing: biological control practice requiring ecological understanding
1.1. Biological control of pests in the ecological context
1.2. Aphid parasitoids as biological control agents
1.2.1. Aphids: biology, agricultural importance, and natural enemies
1.2.2. Aphid parasitoids: biology and application in biological control
1.2.3. Co‐evolution of parasitoids and aphid hosts
1.2.4. The significance of parasitoid host specificity in biological control
1.3. Ecology of host specificity
1.3.1. Ecological specialization concept
1.3.2. Shades of ecological specialization: specialist vs. generalist species
1.3.3. The continuum of specialization patterns: specialist ‐ generalist
1.4. How to evaluate the host specificity of aphid parasitoids?
1.4.1. Host specificity index
1.4.2. Host specificity specter of Aphidiinae parasitoids
1.4.3. The optimal foraging behavior: correlation preference‐performance.
1.4.4. The host specificity testing process in biological control
Chapter 2. Bottom‐up and top‐down forces in ecological network
2.1. Ecological networks and interactions
2.2. Bottom‐up versus top‐down forces
2.3. Bottom‐up forces of abiotic factors on a tritrophic plant‐aphid‐parasitoid system
2.3.1. How could plant traits mediate bottom‐up and top‐down forces?
2.3.2. How could aphid traits mediate bottom‐up and top‐down forces?
2.3.3. How abiotic stresses level‐up to parasitoids through the tri‐trophic interaction?
2.3.4. Bottom‐up and top‐down forces in biocontrol context
Chapter 3. Objectives
Chapter 4. Aphid‐parasitoid host specificity
Article I. Preference‐performance relationship in host use by generalist parasitoids
Chapter 5. Water stress‐mediated bottom‐up effects on aphid parasitoid diet breath
Article II. Bottom‐up effect of water stress on the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Article III. Water stress‐mediated bottom‐up effect on aphid parasitoid diet breadth
GENERAL DISCUSSION
REFERENCE