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Table of contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Poplar Biology
2.1.1 Plant Area
2.1.2 Botany and Morphology
2.2 Bud Development
2.2.1 Bud Formation
2.2.2 Bud Break
2.3 Carbon
2.3.1 Photosynthesis and Carbon Storage
2.3.2 Carbon Remobilizes to Bud Break
2.4 Nitrogen
2.4.1 Nitrate Uptake
2.4.2 Control of Nitrogen Uptake
2.4.3 Nitrogen Storage
2.4.4 Nitrogen Remobilization
2.4.5 Nitrogen Impact Plant Growth and Development
2.5 Justification of Hypothesis and Objectives
Chapter 3: Experiments
3.1 Experiment I: Nitrogen Supply before Bud Break Strongly Impacts Spring Development of One- Year Scion Poplar
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Material and Method
3.1.2.1 Plant Material
3.1.2.2 Mineral Uptake
3.1.2.3 Root Pressure
3.1.2.4 Sap Flow
3.1.2.5 Plant Harvest and Architecture
3.1.2.6 Nitrogen Analysis
3.1.2.7 Non Structural Carbon Analysis
3.1.2.8 Data Analysis
3.1.3 Results
3.1.3.1 Environments Control
3.1.3.2 Architecture before Start Experiment
3.1.3.3 Bud Break
3.1.3.4 Nitrogen Uptake
3.1.3.5 Root Pressure
3.1.3.6 Sap Flow
3.1.3.7 Plant Architecture
3.1.3.8 Nitrogen
3.1.3.9 Non Structural Carbon
3.1.3.10 Mineral Uptake
3.1.4 Discussion
3.1.4.1 Nitrogen Uptake
3.1.4.2 Root Pressures
3.1.4.3 Sap Flow
3.1.4.4 Plant Development
3.1.4.5 Nitrogen Content
3.1.4.6 Non Structural Carbon Content
3.1.4.7 Mineral Uptake
3.2 Experiment II: Nitrogen Supply before Bud Break Influence on Early Spring Development of Stump-Poplars
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.2.1 Plant Materials
3.2.2.2 Mineral Uptake
3.2.2.3 Root Pressure
3.2.2.4 Sap Flow
3.2.2.5 Plant Characteristics and Harvest
3.2.2.6 Nitrogen Analysis
3.2.2.7 Non Structural Carbon Analysis
3.2.2.8 Data Analysis
3.2.3 Results
3.2.3.1 Environment Control
3.2.3.2 Architecture before Start Experiment
3.2.3.3 Nitrogen Uptake
3.2.3.4 Root Pressure
3.2.3.5 Plant Architecture
3.2.3.6 Water Content
3.2.3.7 Nitrogen Content
3.2.3.8 Non Structural Carbon Content
3.2.3.9 Mineral Uptake
3.2.4 Discussion
3.2.4.1 Nitrogen Uptake
3.2.4.2 Root Pressure
3.2.4.3 Plant Development
3.2.4.4 Nitrogen Content
3.2.4.5 Non Structural Carbon Content
3.2.4.6 Mineral Uptake
3.3 Experiment III: Nitrogen Supply before Bud Break Influence on Early Spring Development of Poplars Dependent on Low Temperature during Winter
3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.2 Materials and Methods
3.3.2.1 Tree Preparation
3.3.2.2 Mineral Uptake
3.3.2.3 Plant Characteristics and Harvest
3.3.2.4 Water Content
3.3.2.5 Nitrogen Analysis
3.3.2.6 Data Analysis
3.3.2 Results
3.3.3.1 Architecture at Start Experiment
3.3.3.2 Environment Control
3.3.3.3 Nitrogen Uptake
3.3.3.4 Water Content
3.3.3.5 Timing of Bud Break and New Shoot
3.3.3.6 Nitrogen of New Shoot
3.3.3.7 Mineral Uptake
3.3.4 Discussion
Chapter 4: General Discussion
4.1 Nitrogen Uptake
4.2 Nitrogen Uptake before Bud Breaks Influence on Nitrogen and Non Structural Carbon Reserve
4.3 Nitrogen Uptake before Bud Breaks Influences the development of Re-growth early Bud Break
4.4 Nitrogen Uptake before Bud Breaks Influence on Mineral Uptake
Chapter 5: General Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
Chapter 6: References
Chapter 7: Appendix
7.1 Nutrient Uptake Measurement
7.1.1 Recirculating Nutrient System
7.1.2 Computation of Nutrient Uptake
7.2 Root Pressure Measurement
7.3Sap Flow Heat Balance Measurement
7.3.1 The Theory
7.3.2 Sensor Design
7.3.3 Sensor Installation
7.4 Nitrogen Content Measurement
7.5 Estimation Nitrogen Mobilization of Compartment Tissues
7.6 Non Structure Carbon Content Measurement
7.6.1 Extraction Non-structure Carbon
7.6.2 Analysis of Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose
7.6.3 Analysis of Starch
7.6.4 Preparation Chemical for Analysis Non Structure Carbon Content
7.7 Estimation Non Structure Carbon Mobilization of Compartment Tissues
7.8 Embedding in LR-White Resin and Bud Sections
7.8.1 Embedding in LR-White Resin
7.8.2 SectionBud Sample
7.9 Data Analysis
