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Table of contents
1 Introduction
1 Historical Elements and Context
2 Definitions
2.1 Software Radio and Software Defined Radio
2.2 Cognitive Radio
2.2.1 Spectrum Sensing
2.2.2 Dynamic Spectrum Access
2.3 Wireless Sensor Networks
2.3.1 IEEE 802.15.4 standard
3 Thesis motivations
3.1 Context of WSNs
3.2 Applications of WSNs and SDRs
4 Thesis objectives
4.1 SDR platform to implement standardized PHY layer of WSNs
4.2 Cognitive Radio for Spectrum Scarcity
5 Thesis Organization and Contributions
5.1 State of the art on Software Defined Radio
5.2 Analysis of GNU Radio and experimental measurements on USRP’s Daughter boards
5.3 SDR implementations of IEEE 802.15.4 standard
5.4 Cognitive Wireless Sensor Network based on IEEE 802.15.4
2 State of the art on Software Defined Radio-SDR
1 Introduction
2 Typical architecture of an SDR
2.1 SDR Receiver (Receiver (Rx))
2.2 SDR Transmitter (Tx)
3 Features and Challenges of SDR
3.1 Features
3.1.1 Reconfigurability
3.1.2 Portability
22 Contents
3.1.3 Interoperability
3.2 Challenges
3.2.1 Handling of an SDR platform
3.2.2 Hardware physical dimensions
3.2.3 Radio frequency performances
3.2.4 Baseband processing hardware
4 SDR standards and architectures
4.1 Software Communication Architecture SCA
4.1.1 Open Source SCA Implementation::Embedded (OSSIE)
4.2 Reconfigurable Radio System RRS
5 SDR for Embedded Devices
5.1 GPP based architecture
5.2 Reconfigurable hardware based architecture
6 SDR classifications
6.1 Programming model
6.2 Used hardware
6.3 SDR platforms
7 Summary
3 Analysis of GNU Radio and USRP SDR
1 Introduction
2 GNU Radio
2.1 Programming language layers
2.2 Software blocks
2.3 Flow graphs
2.4 Software scheduler
2.5 SIMD programming (Volk)
3 Universal Software Radio Peripheral
3.1 USRP Architecture
3.2 Transmit and Receive Paths
3.3 RF daughter boards
3.4 Firmware and FPGA images
3.5 Universal Hardware Driver (UHD)
4 GNU Radio and USRP properties
4.1 Latency and throughput
4.2 Buffers organization
4.3 Performance counters and ControlPort
5 Advantages of GNU Radio and USRP
6 Summary
4 Radio Frequency Measurements on USRP Daughter boards
1 Introduction
2 Problem statement
2.1 An overview of BPSK modulation
2.1.1 The BER and SNR parameters
2.1.2 BER/SNR estimators on GNU Radio simulation
2.1.3 BER/SNR estimators in real experiment
2.2 Related Works
3 Experimental approach
3.1 Hardware Setup
3.2 Software Setup
3.2.1 The expected DAC vs ouput power relationship
4 Spectrum Analyzer measurements
4.1 RFX2400 Daughter board
4.1.1 Frequency bandwidth
4.1.2 Output power versus DAC value
4.2 RFX900 Daughter board
4.2.1 Frequency bandwidth
4.2.2 Output power versus DAC value
4.3 SBX Daughter board
4.3.1 Frequency bandwidth
4.3.2 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
4.3.3 Output power versus DAC value
4.4 MIMO USRP B210
4.4.1 Frequency bandwidth
5 Measurements through flow graphs
5.1 RFX and SBX Daughter boards
6 Empirical model for SBX daughter boards
7 Summary
5 SDR implementations for IEEE 802.15.4-based WSN
1 Introduction
2 Problem statement
3 Related works
4 IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layers
4.1 Common specifications for 868/915 MHz and 2450 MHz PHY layers
4.2 2450 MHz specifications
4.3 868/915 MHz specifications
5 Software Implementations
5.1 Software transmitter/receiver for 2450 MHz PHY
5.1.1 Tx flow graph
5.1.2 Rx flow graph
5.1.3 Packet decoder
5.2 Software transmitter/receiver for 868/915 MHz PHY
5.2.1 Tx flow graph
5.2.2 Rx flow graph
5.2.3 Packet decoder
6 SDR communications for 2450 MHz
6.1 Communications between two SDRs
6.2 Communications between sensor motes and SDRs
7 SDR communications for 868/915 MHz
8 Summary
6 Cognitive Wireless Sensor Network based on IEEE 802.15.4
1 Introduction
2 Problem statement
3 Related works
3.0.1 Related specifications
3.0.2 Related implementations
4 Dynamic spectrum access on GNU Radio USRP SDR
4.1 Reconfigurable SDR settings
4.2 Energy Detector
4.3 Dynamic frequency selection
5 Experiments and results
6 Summary
7 Conclusions and Future Work
1 Conclusions
2 Future Work
