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Table of contents
1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 COFFEE
1.1.1 The coffee plant, related species and origin
1.1.2 Distribution and economical importance, markets
1.1.3 Importance of the coffee as a crop in Mesoamerica
1.2 ECO-PHYSIOLOGY OF COFFEE
1.2.1 Edaphic and climatic boundaries for acceptable yield of C. arabica
1.2.2 Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance
1.3 THE IMPORTANCE OF COFFEE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN MESOAMERICA
1.3.1 Current agroforestry practices
1.3.2 Use of Inga as shade tree in coffee AFS
1.3.3 Description of the genus Inga
1.3.4 Major effects of the use of shade in coffee plantations
1.3.5 New arguments in favor of agroforestry
1.3.6 Biological interactions in AFS, with a special focus on water competition
1.3.7 What remains to be documented on coffee water relations?
1.4 MY RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
1.5 MY RESEARCH QUESTIONS
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION AND EXPERIMENT
2.2 METEOROLOGY AND MICROCLIMATE
2.2.1 Radiation transmission and interception
2.2.2 Leaf temperature
2.2.3 Soil water content
2.3 INGA DENSIFLORA GROWTH
2.4 COFFEE GROWTH
2.4.1 LAI dynamics
2.4.2 Yield monitoring
2.4.3 Coffee biomass monitoring
2.5 WATER BALANCE
2.5.1 Rain Interception
2.5.2 Transpiration
2.5.3 Runoff
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 INFLUENCE OF TREES ON MICROCLIMATE
3.2 INFLUENCE OF SHADE TREES ON COFFEE GROWTH AND YIELD
3.2.1 Yield
3.2.2 Coffee LAI and biomass
3.3 TREES GROWTH AND TOTAL SHOOT BIOMASS
3.4 INFLUENCE OF TREES ON WATER BALANCE COMPONENTS
3.4.1 Rainfall interception loss
3.4.2 Transpiration
3.4.3 Runoff
3.4.3 Soil volumetric water
3.5 WATER BALANCE AT PLOT SCALE
3.6 COMPETITION FOR WATER
4 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
4.1 INFLUENCE OF TREES ON THE MICROCLIMATE EXPERIENCED BY COFFEE PLANTS
4.2 INFLUENCE OF TREES ON COFFEE YIELD AND BIOMASS
4.3 INFLUENCE OF TREES ON WATER BALANCE
4.3.1 Canopy Rainfall Interception
4.3.2 Transpiration
4.3.3 Runoff
4.4 WATER USE AND TREE-CROPS INTERACTIONS
4.5 PERSPECTIVES
5 REFERENCES
