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Table of contents
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. BIBLIOGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS
1.1. Membrane bioreactor (MBR)
1.1.1. Membrane filtration
1.1.2. Membrane fouling in MBRs
1.1.3. Problematics of pharmaceutical micropollutants in the MBR
1.2. MBR – RO process
1.2.1. The combination of MBR-RO process
1.2.2. Reverse osmosis (RO)/nano-filtration (NF) process
1.3. Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate
1.3.1. The characteristics of reverse osmosis concentrate
1.3.2. Reverse osmosis concentrate treatment
1.4. RO/NF concentrate recirculation to the MBR
1.5. Conclusion
CHAPTER II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1. Membrane biorector set-up
2.2. The reverse osmosis (RO) pilot
2.3. Filterability test
2.4. Batch reactors
2.5. MBR-RO set-up
2.6. Analytical methods
2.6.1. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)
2.6.2. Particle size analysis
2.6.3. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
2.6.4. Total nitrogen and ammonia analysis
2.6.5. Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
2.6.6. Centrifugation
2.6.7. Dosage of proteins
2.6.8. Dosage of polysaccharides
2.6.9. Cations and anions concentrations
2.6.10. Micropollutants
2.6.11. Size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-SEC) analysis
CHAPTER III. SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS CONCENTRATE IN PEAK INJECTION ON THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Characteristics of the supernatant and RO concentrate
3.3. Results and discussion
3.3.1. Effect of RO concentrate on salts composition in the supernatant of batch reactor
3.3.2. Effect of RO concentrate on the biomass characteristics
3.3.3. Effect of RO concentrate on supernatant composition
3.3.4. Effect of RO concentrate on permeate flux decline
3.3.5. Effect of RO concentrate on fouling layer characteristics of sludge
3.4. Conclusion
CHAPTER IV. REVERSE OSMOSIS CONCENTRATE CONTINUOUS RECIRCULATION TO THE MBR-RO PROCESS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
4.1. Introduction
4.2. MBR-RO set-up
4.3. Characterization of reverse osmosis concentrate
4.4. Results and discussion
4.4.1. Effect of RO concentrate on the biomass characteristics
4.4.2. Effect of RO concentrate on the MBR performances
4.4.3. Effect of RO concentrate on salt composition of MBR supernatant
4.4.4. Effect of RO concentrate on the change in supernatant characteristics
4.4.5. Effect of RO concentrate on sludge and supernatant filterability test
4.4.6. Effect of RO concentrate on MBR fouling
4.4.7. Removal of selected pharmaceutical micropollutants in the MBR
4.5. Conclusion
CHAPTER V. EFFECT OF OPERATING PARAMETERS ON PROCESS EFFICIENCY
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Lab scale MBR-RO set-up
5.3. Characteristics of the reverse osmosis concentrate and the MBR mixed influent after recirculation of concentrate
5.4. Comparison of the effects of RO concentrate recirculation on the biomass characteristics between the two sets of experiments
5.5. Comparison of MBR global performances between two experimental sets
5.6. Composition of supernatant in the MBR
5.7. Fouling propensity in the sludge and supernatant filterability test
5.8. Comparison of the effects of RO concentrate on the MBR fouling between two experimental sets
5.9. Conclusion
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
CONCLUSIONS
PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
