Configurations of MD (Membrane distillation)

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Table of contents

General introduction
Thesis objectives
Thesis organization
I. Background of membrane distillation (MD) and state-of-the-art of coupling MD with solar energy
I.1. Membrane distillation
I.1.1. Membrane distillation applied to desalination
I.1.2. Configurations of MD
I.1.3. Configurations of MD modules
I.2. Transfer mechanisms of MD
I.2.1. Heat transfer
I.2.2. Mass transfer
I.2.3. Profiles along the flow direction
I.3. State of the art: MD driven by solar energy
I.3.1. Solar thermal collectors
I.3.2. Coupling solar thermal collectors with MD
I.3.3. Direct integration of solar thermal collectors and MD
I.3.4. Observations of the literature
I.4. Conclusions (in English)
I.4. Conclusions (en français)
II. Direct integration of a vacuum membrane distillation module within a solar collector for small-scale units adapted to seawater desalination in remote places: Design, modeling & evaluation of a flat-plate equipment
II.1. Introduction (in English)
II.1. Introduction (en français)
II.2. Modeling of an integrated VMD-solar module
II.2.1. Solar radiation modeling
II.2.2. Simultaneous modeling of heat and mass transfer for an integrated VMD-solar module
II.3. Configuration for a dynamic recycling batch system
II.3.1. Temperature-based control strategy for the recycling batch system
II.3.2. Dynamics for the recycling batch system
II.3.3. Solution procedure
II.3.4. Performance indicators
II.4. Results and discussions
II.4.1. Consistency of the models: solar radiation and VMD
II.4.2. General set of parameters for a daily varying operation
II.4.3. Performance under temperature-controlled batch regime
II.4.4. Improved performance under continuous MD operation
II.5. Conclusions (in English)
II.5. Conclusions (en français)
III. Comparative study of flat-plate DCMD and VMD modules with integrated direct solar heating (DCMD-FPC and VMD-FPC)
III.1. Introduction (in English)
III.1. Introduction (en français)
III.2. Module & system description and modeling
III.2.1. DCMD module configuration
III.2.2. Description of mass and heat transfer in MD modules
III.2.3. Description of the dynamic system
III.2.4. Pumping energy consumption
III.2.5. Model coupling and resolution procedure
III.3. Results and discussion
III.3.1. Parameter settings and daily operation
III.3.2. Influence of parameters
III.3.3. Discussions on a high potential: Heat recovery & solar concentration
III.4. Conclusions (in English)
III.4. Conclusions (en français)
IV. Optimization and design of a novel integrated vacuum membrane distillation – solar flat plate collector module with heat recovery strategy through heat pumps
IV.1. Introduction (in English)
IV.1. Introduction (en français)
IV.2. Process description: coupled solar collector – VMD
IV.3. Design configuration and modeling of VMD-FPC with integrated heat pump
IV.3.1. Coupled solar flat-plate vacuum membrane distillation collector
IV.3.2. Theoretical study of heat recovery from condensation by heat pump
IV.3.3. Modeling structure, recirculation and system dynamics
IV.4. Performance assessment and analysis
IV.4.1. Decision variables, design parameters and main performance indicators
IV.4.2. Sensitivity analysis via Delta Moment-Independent (DMI) indicator
IV.4.3. Fast multi-objective optimization on design and operating conditions
IV.5. Results and discussions
IV.5.1. Sensitivity variation due to heat recovery from permeate condensation
IV.5.2. Importance of heat recovery level
IV.5.3. Global optimization and performance improvement using heat pump
IV.5.4. Benchmark optimization of VMD-FPC at fixed heat recovery levels
IV.5.5. Pareto-based study of decision variables and key indications on design
IV.6. Conclusions (in English)
IV.6. Conclusions (en français)
V. Practical recommendations on the design of a small MD-FPC system for autonomous and decentralized seawater desalination in remotes areas
V.1. Introduction (in English)
V.1. Introduction (en français)
V.2. Choice of integrated MD – direct solar heating module and optimal design of recirculation system
V.2.1. VMD-FPC module materials
V.2.2. Operating conditions
V.2.3. Collector positions and module dimensions
V.3. Seasonal performance of the VMD–FPC based desalination system
V.4. Dynamic behaviors of the integrated desalination unit
V.4.1. Representative daily variations in summer (August 1st)
V.4.2. Representative daily variations in winter (February 1st)
V.5. Conclusions (in English)
V.5. Conclusions (en français)
General conclusions and perspectives