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Table of contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Aims of the work
Organization of the manuscript
Introduction
1-1-Introduction of Microencapsulation
1-2-Emulsion classification
1-3-Formulation
1-3-1-How Emulsions Are Made
1-3-2- Shearing of Coarse Emulsions
1-4- Droplet dynamics
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2-1- Droplet rupture under shear flows
2-2- Sub and Super critical capillary rupture
2-3- Methods used to create monodisperse emulsions
2-3-1-Controlled shearing of emulsions
2-3-2- Couette instrument
2-4- Emulsion stability
2-4-1 Coalescence
Chapter 3 Emulsions Preparation
3-1- Physical Properties of the Fluids
3-1-A- Density
1- Density values for the system made of Aqueous core / Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate Shell / Aqueous External phase
2- Density values for the system made of Oil PAO40 core/ Epoxy Urethane Acrylate Shell / Glycerol external phase
3-1-B- Rheology
3-1-B.1 Viscosity of Aqueous phase / Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate Shell / Aqueous phase System as function of shear rate
3-1-B.2 Viscosity of Oil phase / Epoxy Urethane Acrylate Shell / Aqueous System VS Shear rate
3-1-C Interfacial Tension
3-1-C.1 Interfacial Tension of Aqueous phase / Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate Shell / Aqueous phase System
3-1-C.2 Interfacial Tension of Oil Phase / Acrylate shell / Aqueous Phase System
3-2 Fragmentation Diagram
3-2-A Shear Rate Applied by the Overhead Mixer
3-2-B Fragmentation Diagram for the First Emulsion
3-2-B.1 First Emulsion: Aqueous Phase in Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate Liquid Polymer
3-2-B.2 First Emulsion: Oil phase in Epoxy Urethane Acrylate Liquid Polymer
3-2-C Maximum Mass Fraction of the First Emulsion
3-2-C.1 Maximum mass fraction for the First Emulsion of aqueous phase in Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate Polymer liquid polymer
3-2-D Double Emulsion Fragmentation Diagram
3-2-D.1 Fragmentation diagram of Double Emulsion: Aqueous phase / Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate polymer / Aqueous Phase
3-2-D.2 Oil / polymer / Aqueous Phase Double Emulsion System
Chapter 4 Visualization of Double Emulsion Fragmentation
4-1 Visualization of Double Emulsion Fragmentation
4-1- Aqueous Phase / Polymer Shell / Aqueous phase Capsules
4-1-A Low viscosity ratio between phase 1 and phase 2
4-1-A.2 Optimum viscosity ratio between phase 1 and phase 2
4-1-A.3 High Viscosity Ratio between Phase 1 and Phase 2
4-1-B Oil / Epoxy Urethane Acrylate Polymer shell / Aqueous Phase Capsules
4-1-B.1 Optimum viscosity ratio
Chapter 5 Shell Polymerisation and Capsules Characterization
5-1 Polymerisation of Acrylate Shell
5-1-A Effects of Initiator Concentration and UV Exposure Duration
5-1-A.1 Initiator concentration 0.0%
5-1-A.2 Initiator concentration 0.01%
5-1-A.3 Initiator concentration 1 %
5-1-A.4 Initiator concentration 10.0%
5-2 Size distribution of Capsules
5-2-A Bright Field Images by Optical Microscopy
5-2-A.1 Aqueous Phase / Aliphatic Urethane acrylate shell / Aqueous Phase
5-2-A.2 Oil / Epoxy Urethane acrylate shell / Aqueous Phase
5-2-B Fluorescence Images Using Dissolved Dyes
5-2-B.1 Aqueous Phase / Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate Shell / Aqueous Phase System
5-2-B.2 Oil / Epoxy Urethane Acrylate Polymer shell / Aqueous Phase
5-2-C Sizes Distribution of capsules through Laser Light Scattering
5-2-C.1 Aqueous Phase / Aliphatic Urethane acrylate shell / Aqueous Phase
5-2-C.2 Oil / Epoxy Urethane Acrylate polymer Shell / Aqueous Phase
5-2-D Transmission electron microscopy
5-2-D.1 Aqueous Phase / Aliphatic Urethane acrylate shell / Aqueous Phase
5-2-D.2 Oil / Epoxy Urethane acrylate shell / Aqueous Phase
5-2-D.3 Aqueous Phase / Epoxy Urethane Acrylate Shell / Oil Phase
5-3 Encapsulation efficiency
5-3-A Aqueous Phase / Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate polymer shell / Aqueous Phase
5-3-B Oil phase / Epoxy Urethane acrylate polymer shell / Aqueous phase
5-4 Methods for triggering the rupture of capsules
5-4-1 Rupture by osmotic stress
5-4-2 Rupture by mechanical pressure
5-4-2. A Capsules contain aqueous core phase, Rubbery polymer shell CN991 aliphatic urethane di acrylate and external phase of water between two glass slides
5-4-2. B Capsules contain aqueous core phase, Glassy polymer shell CN2035 aliphatic urethane di acrylate and external phase of water between two glass slides
5-4-3 Rupture by ultrasound
5-4-4 Rupture by thermal expansion of the core
References
