Crosslinked cellulose-based hydrogels

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Table of contents

Chapter 1 Bibliography
Grafting of cellulose and cellulose derivatives by CuAAC click chemistry
1. Introduction to click chemistry
1.1. Definition of click chemistry
1.2. General classification of click reactions
1.3. Click chemistry based on Cu-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC)
1.3.1. Introduction to Cu-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition CuAAC
1.3.2. Mechanism of Cu-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC)
1.3.3. Catalytic systems for Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions (AAC)
1.3.4. Copper free Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions (AAC)
2. Grafting of cellulose and cellulose derivatives by CuAAC click chemistry
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Pre-click modification of cellulose and cellulose derivatives for CuAAC click chemistry 20
2.3. Advanced crosslinked cellulose-based networks by CuAAC click chemistry
2.3.1. Crosslinked cellulose-based structural materials
2.3.2. Crosslinked cellulose-based hydrogels
2.4. Block and graft cellulosic copolymers by CuAAC click chemistry
2.5. Dendronised celluloses by CuAAC click chemistry
2.6. Cellulosic polyelectrolytes by CuAAC click chemistry
2.7. Advanced cellulose (nano)materials by CuAAC surface modification
2.7.1. Advanced materials by cellulose surface modification
2.7.2. Advanced materials by nanocellulose surface modification
3. Conclusion
4. Acknowledgements
5. References
Chapter 2 PLA grafting onto cellulose acetate by « click » chemistry. Application to new bio-based membranes for ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) bio-fuel purification by pervaporation.
1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. CA functionalization and grafting
2.2.1. Synthesis of 6-azidohexanoic acid
2.2.2. Synthesis of α-alkyne PLA1640
2.2.3. Modification of CA with azide side groups
2.2.4 Grafting of the azido CA by « click » chemistry with α-alkyne PLA1640
2.2.5. Physicochemical characterization
2.3. Membrane preparation for pervaporation and sorption experiments
2.4. Sorption experiments
2.5. Pervaporation experiments
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate grafted with PLA
3.1.1. Synthesis of azido cellulose acetate
3.1.2. Synthesis of α-alkyne PLA
3.1.3. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate grafted with PLA
3.2. Sorption properties of cellulose acetate grafted with PLA for ETBE purification
3.3. Pervaporation properties of cellulose acetate grafted with PLA for ETBE purification
4. Conclusion
5. References
Supporting information
Synthesis of 6-azido hexanoic acid
Chapter 3 Grafting of cellulose acetate with ionic liquids for biofuel purification by a membrane process . 
Chapter 3 Part 1 Grafting of cellulose acetate with ionic liquids using click chemistry
1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Synthesis of 1- methyl-3-propargyl imidazolium bromide
2.2.2. Grafting of imidazolium ionic liquid onto cellulose acetate by « click » chemistry
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion
5. References
Chapter 3 Part 2 Grafting of cellulose acetate with ionic liquids for biofuel purification by a membrane process: Influence of the cation.
Abstract
Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids
2.2.1. Synthesis of a bromo-cellulose acetate derivative
2.2.2. Reaction of bromo-cellulose acetate with different nucleophiles for cellulose acetate grafting by different ionic liquids
2.2.3. Polymer characterization
2.3. Membrane preparation for pervaporation and sorption experiments
2.4. Sorption experiments
2.5. Pervaporation experiments
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids
3.1.1. Synthesis of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids
3.1.2. Characterization of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids
3.2. Membrane properties for ETBE biofuel purification by pervaporation
3.2.1. Sorption properties of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids
3.2.2. Pervaporation properties of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids
3.2.3. Chemical physical analysis of the membrane properties based on ionic liquid polarity parameters
4. Conclusion
5. Acknowledgements
6. References
Appendices
Appendix A. Permeability calculation and data for ETBE purification by pervaporation
Appendix B. 1H NMR characterization of the bromo-cellulose derivative.
Chapter 3 Part 3 Grafting of cellulose acetate with ionic liquids for biofuel purification by a membrane process : Influence of the anion.
1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate grafted with ionic liquids containing different anions
2.2.1. Synthesis of cellulose acetate grafted with ionic liquids containing acetate anion
2.2.2. Synthesis of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids containing Tf2N or BF4
 anions
2.2.3. Polymer characterization
2.3. Membrane preparation for pervaporation and sorption experiments
2.4. Sorption experiments
2.5. Pervaporation experiments
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids by anion exchange
3.1.1. Cellulose acetate grafted with imidazolium or ammonium ionic liquids with acetate counter anions
3.1.2. Cellulose acetate grafted with imidazolium and ammonium ionic liquids with fluorinated counter anions
3.1.3. Morphology characterization of the different cellulosic materials based on DSC and synchrotron SAXS
3.2. Sorption properties of cellulose acetate grafted with ionic liquids containing different anions for ETBE purification
3.2.1 Influence of the ionic liquid anion on sorption properties of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids for ETBE purification
3.3. Pervaporation properties of cellulose acetate grafted with different ionic liquids for ETBE purification
3.4. Kamlet-Taft analysis of the membrane properties based on ionic liquid polarity parameters
3.4.1. Choice of the Kamlet-Taft parameters used for the physico-chemical analysis
3.4.2. Kamlet-Taft analysis of the sorption and pervaporation properties
4. Conclusion
5. Acknowledgements
6. References