Developing local sources of Arctic pollution

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Table of contents

Introduction en français
Introduction
1 Climate change and air pollution in the Arctic
1.1 Global air pollution and climate change
1.1.1 Air pollution
1.1.2 Global climate change
1.2 Arctic climate change: causes and future projections
1.2.1 What is the Arctic?
1.2.2 Current Arctic warming
1.2.3 Causes of Arctic warming
1.2.4 Future projections
1.3 Arctic air pollution
1.3.1 Arctic Haze
1.3.2 Arctic air pollution transported from the mid-latitudes
1.3.3 Developing local sources of Arctic pollution
1.4 Scientific challenges in modeling Arctic aerosols and ozone and their impacts
1.4.1 Modeling aerosol and ozone pollution from long-range transport
1.4.2 Modeling aerosol and ozone pollution from local Arctic sources
2 Tropospheric ozone and tropospheric aerosols in the Arctic
2.1 Tropospheric ozone
2.1.1 Introduction: stratospheric and tropospheric ozone
2.1.2 Chemical O3 production in the troposphere from NOx and VOC
2.1.3 Photochemical sinks of ozone, HOx and NOx in the troposphere
2.1.4 Dry deposition of NOx and O3
2.1.5 Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) as a NOx reservoir in the troposphere
2.1.6 The global budget of tropospheric ozone
2.1.7 Radiative effects of tropospheric ozone
2.1.8 Tropospheric ozone in the Arctic
2.2 Tropospheric aerosols
2.2.1 Global aerosol sources
2.2.2 Aerosol properties: chemical composition, mixing state, size
2.2.3 Aerosol processes: from nucleation to removal
2.2.4 Aerosol optical properties
2.2.5 Aerosol radiative effects
3 Methods: modeling tools, emission inventories and Arctic measurements
3.1 Modeling the air quality and radiative impacts of short-lived pollutants in the Arctic
3.1.1 Regional meteorology-chemistry-aerosol modeling with WRF-Chem
3.1.2 Lagrangian modeling with FLEXPART-WRF
3.2 Air pollutant emissions from global and local Arctic pollution sources
3.2.1 Global anthropogenic emissions from ECLIPSEv5 and HTAPv2
3.2.2 Biomass burning emissions
3.2.3 Natural emisssions calculated online within WRF-Chem
3.2.4 Local Arctic pollutant emissions from oil and gas extraction
3.2.5 Local Arctic emissions from shipping
3.3 Aerosol and ozone measurements in the Arctic
3.3.1 Surface measurements
3.3.2 POLARCAT-France and ACCESS aircraft measurement campaigns in the Arctic
4 Transport of pollution from the mid-latitudes to the Arctic during POLARCATFrance
4.1 Motivation
4.2 Transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning aerosols from Europe to the Arctic during spring 2008 (Marelle et al., 2015)
4.2.1 Abstract
4.2.2 Introduction
4.2.3 Methods
4.2.4 Meteorological context during the spring POLARCAT-France campaign
4.2.5 Model validation
4.2.6 The origin and properties of springtime aerosols during POLARCATFrance
4.2.7 Impacts of European aerosol transport on the Arctic
4.2.8 Summary and conclusions
4.3 Main insights from the study
4.3.1 Aerosol transport to the Arctic
4.3.2 Ozone transport to the Arctic in these simulations, and in the related work of Thomas et al. (2013)
5 Current impacts of Arctic shipping in Northern Norway
5.1 Motivation
5.2 Air quality and radiative impacts of Arctic shipping emissions in the summertime in northern Norway: from the local to the regional scale (Marelle et al., 2016)
5.2.1 Abstract
5.2.2 Introduction
5.2.3 The ACCESS aircraft campaign
5.2.4 Modeling tools
5.2.5 Ship emission evaluation
5.2.6 Modeling the impacts of ship emissions along the Norwegian coast
5.2.7 Conclusions
5.3 Main insights from the study
6 Current and future impacts of local Arctic sources of aerosols and ozone
6.1 Introduction and motivation
6.2 Methods
6.3 Model updates for quasi-hemispheric Arctic simulations
6.4 Model validation
6.5 Model internal variability and noise: issues when quantifying sensitivities to small emission perturbations with WRF-Chem
6.6 Local and distant contributions to surface concentrations and BC deposition in the Arctic
6.6.1 Surface concentrations and BC deposition in spring and summer 2012
6.6.2 Surface concentrations and BC deposition in spring and summer 2050 (2050 emissions)
6.7 Vertical distribution of Arctic aerosol and ozone pollution from remote and local sources
6.8 Radiative effects of aerosols and ozone in the Arctic
6.8.1 Direct radiative effects of pollution aerosols and ozone in the Arctic
6.8.2 Semi-direct and indirect radiative effects
6.9 Conclusions and perspectives
General Conclusions
Conclusion en français
References