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Table of contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Distribution and description
Distribution on a local scale
Protection status of harbour porpoises in the European waters
Diet of harbour porpoises
Threats
Assessment of chemical contamination
Studying the feeding ecology of harbour porpoises
Objectives of the study
Outline of the study
CHAPTER 2 STRATEGIES, PROTOCOLS AND METHODOLOGIES
1. Sample collection and necropsies
1.1. Carcasses collection
1.2. Protocol of dissection, collection and preservation of samples
2. Chemical analyses
2.1. Metallic analyses
2.1.1. Analysis on ICP-AES
2.1.2. Analysis on ICP-MS
2.1.3. Analysis on AMA-254
2.1.4. Quality control procedures
2.2. Persistent Organic Pollutants analyses
2.3. Data treatment
3. Feeding ecology
3.1. Stomach content analysis
3.1.1. Otoliths
3.1.2. Diet composition
3.1.3. Feeding strategy
3.2. Stable isotopes analysis
3.3. Fatty acids analysis
3.4. Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA)
3.5. Data treatment
3.5.1. Mixing model: Stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR)
3.5.2. Fatty acids data treatment
3.6. Environmental data
CHAPTER 3 HARBOUR PORPOISES (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) STRANDED ALONG THE SOUTHERN NORTH SEA: AN ASSESSEMENT THROUGH METALLIC CONTAMINATION
Abstract
Introduction
1. Materials and methods
1.1. Sampling and data collection
1.2. Metal analysis
1.3. Data treatment
2. Results
2.1. Metal contaminants and maturity status
2.2. Metal contaminants and causes of death
3. Discussion
3.1. Non essential elements
3.2. Essential elements
3.3. Temporal trends
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 4 ORGANOCHLORINES IN HARBOUR PORPOISES (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) STRANDED ALONG THE SOUTHERN NORTH SEA BETWEEN 2010-2013
Abstract
Introduction
1. Materials and methods
1.1. Sampling and data collection
1.2. POP analysis
1.3. Data treatment
2. POP results
2.1. POPs and maturity status
2.2. POPs and causes of death
3. Discussion
3.1. PCB levels
3.2. DDX levels
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 5 THE DIET OF HARBOUR PORPOISES (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) IN THE SOUTHERN NORTH SEA: A RELATIONSHIP WITH PREY AVAILABILITY
Abstract
Introduction
1. Materials and methods
1.1. Sampling and data collection
1.2. Stomach content analyses
1.3. Stable isotopes analyses
1.4. Fatty acids composition
1.5. Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA)
1.5. Data treatment
2. Results
2.1. Stomach contents
2.2. Stable isotopes and SIAR
2.3. Fatty acids composition and CSIA
3. Discussion
3.1. Diet of harbour porpoises stranded along the southern North Sea
3.2. General diet composition
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 6 FEEDING HABITS OF HARBOUR PORPOISES (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) FROM THE SOUTHERN NORTH SEA AND THE BAY OF BISCAY INFERRED FROM A MULTI APPROACH DIETARY ANALYSES
Abstract
Introduction
1. Materials and methods
1.1. Sampling and data collection
1.2. Stomach content analysis
1.3. Stable isotopes analysis
1.4. Fatty acids analysis
1.5. Data treatment
2. Results
2.1. Stomach contents
2.2. Stable isotope analyses of δ13C and δ15N
2.3. Lipid composition
3. Discussion
3.1. Diet composition
3.2. Comparison with previous studies
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 7 GENERAL DISCUSSION
Contamination status of harbour porpoises in the southern North Sea
Changes in the distribution of harbour porpoises in the North Sea
Value of a multi-approach dietary analysis
Conclusions and perspectives
REFERENCES
