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Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Abstract
1 Literature review
1.1 State of the art of conversion of carbon dioxide
1.1.1 Actual state of the CO2 problem
1.1.2 Different techniques of CO2 conversion
1.1.3 Theoretical aspects of conversion of carbon dioxide in low temperature plasma
1.1.4 Experiments on conversion of carbon dioxide in low temperature plasma
1.2 Nanosecond discharges. Fast ionization waves. Dissociation of gases in nanosecond discharges
1.2.1 Fast ionization waves
1.2.2 Dissociation of molecular nitrogen and oxygen in nanosecond discharges
1.2.3 Dissociation of carbon dioxide in nanosecond discharges
1.3 Numerical modeling of CO2 discharges
1.4 Conclusions of the literature review
2 Experimental methods
2.1 Discharge cell
2.1.1 General observations
2.1.2 Thin capillary
2.1.3 FTIR capillary
2.2 Electric measurements
2.2.1 Back current shunts and high voltage cables
2.2.2 Capacitive probe
2.3 Optical emission spectroscopy
2.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.4.1 Basic principles of FTIR
2.4.2 Experimental procedure and data treatment
2.5 Reconstruction of radial profiles of active species
2.5.1 Experimental procedure
2.5.2 Inverse Abel transform
3 Electric characteristics of the discharge
3.1 Applied voltage and electric current
3.1.1 Thin capillary
3.1.2 FTIR capillary
3.2 Electric field
3.2.1 Thin capillary
3.2.2 FTIR capillary
3.3 Deposited energy
3.3.1 Thin capillary
3.3.2 FTIR capillary
3.4 Conclusions
4 Measurements of CO2 dissociation fraction and its energy efficiency by FTIR
4.1 Dissociation fraction and energy efficiency at different pressures at low pulse frequency regime
4.2 Dissociation fraction and energy efficiency at high pulse frequency regime
4.3 Dissociation fraction and energy efficiency at different parameters
4.3.1 Different flow rates
4.3.2 Different applied voltages
4.4 Conclusions
5 Study of the discharge by optical emission spectroscopy
5.1 Optical emission spectra
5.1.1 Thin capillary
5.1.2 FTIR capillary
5.2 Temporal behaviour of the main electronically excited species in the thin capillary
5.3 How big is the electron energy?
5.4 Behaviour of the Swan band in the FTIR capillary
5.4.1 Variable pressures
5.4.2 Varied delay between pulses
5.5 Conclusions
6 Measurements of the temporal profile of the electron density in the thin capillary
6.1 Description of the technique
6.2 Experimental results
7 Analysis of the radial profile of the electron density in the thin capillary on the basis of OES measurements
7.1 Experimental setup
7.2 Experimental results
7.3 Relation between the emission profiles and the electron density. Validity of gas temperature measurements
7.4 Conclusions
8 Measurements of the gas temperature as the function of time by the means of optical emission spectroscopy
8.1 FTIR capillary
8.2 Thin capillary
8.3 Conclusions
9 Numerical modeling of the discharge
9.1 Principles of 0D modeling
9.2 Kinetic scheme
9.2.1 Set of reactions
9.2.2 Vibrational kinetics
9.2.3 Vibrational distribution function
9.3 Validation of the model
9.3.1 Calculations of gas temperature profile
9.3.2 Electron density
9.3.3 Predictions of CO2 dissociation fraction and energy efficiency .
9.3.4 Temporal profiles of the electronically excited species
9.4 Conclusions
10 General conclusions
List of Figures
Bibliography
