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Table of contents
1. The comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko investigated by the Rosetta Mission
1.1 Reservoir and internal structure and composition
1.2 Mission to comets: from 1986 to the Rosetta mission
1.3 The VIRTIS instrument
1.4 The reflected spectra collected by VIRTIS-M
1.5 The preliminary results on comet 67P/CG composition: 2014-2016
2. Materials and methods
2.1 Sample and sample preparation
2.1.1 Sample description
2.1.2 Milling process
2.1.3 Sample dehydration
2.1.4 Opaques and semi-volatiles mixing
A. Mechanical mixing
B. Sublimating ice-dust mixtures
2.2 Reflectance measurements
2.2.1 Spectro-gonio radiometer
2.2.2 Enviromental cells
2.3 Transmittance measurements
2.3.1 Pellet preparation
2.3.2 Thin film preparation by spin coating
2.3.3 Thin film preparation in cryogenic cell
2.3.4 Thickness estimation of thin films
2.3.5 Microscopic measurements
3. Transmission spectra of pure carboxylic acids and ammonium salts
3.1 Transmission measurements
3.1.1 Formic acid
3.1.2 Acetic acid
3.1.3 Propionic acid
3.1.4 Butyric acid
3.1.5 Valeric acid (pentanoïc acid)
3.1.6 Fumaric acid (trans-butenedioic acid)
3.1.7 Glycolic acid (hydroxyacetic acid)
3.1.8 Lactic acid
3.1.9 Methyl valeric and aromatic hydroxylated carboxylic acids
3.1.10 Ammonium salts
3.2 Carboxylic acids and ammonium salts in comet 67P/CG
3.2.1 Carboxylic acids
3.2.2 Ammonium salts
4. Reflection measurements of cometary analogs
4.1 Mechanical mixture
4.1.1 Mixture of carboxylic acids and graphite
4.1.2 Mixture of carboxylic acids and basalt
4.1.3 Mixture of ammonium salts and olivine
4.1.4 Mixture of ammonium salts and dark refractory
4.2 Sublimation residues produced in the laboratory
4.2.1 Sublimation residue of pyrrhotite-fg-pl -ammonium salts
4.2.2 Effects of homogenous sub-micrometric pyrrhotite in sublimation residue
4.2.3 Effects of brighter refractory in sublimation residue
4.2.4 Sublimation residue with different refractories
4.2.5 The band depth of sublimation residues
4.3 Implication for the analysis of VIRTIS reflectance spectra of comet 67P/CG
