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Table of contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Importance of grasslands and perennial ryegrass
1.2. General presentation of perennial ryegrass
1.3. Evaluation of forage quality
1.3.1. In vivo methods
1.3.2. In situ method
1.3.3. In vitro methods
1.3.4. Spectrometry method
1.4. Origins of the quality variability in forage grasses
1.4.1. Plant maturity, type of organs and their morphology
1.4.2. Cell-Wall structure
1.4.3. Environmental factors
1.4.4. Genetics
1.5. Plant modelling: individual based model, the example of L-grass
1.6. Objectives of the thesis
2. Seasonal differences in structural and genetic control of digestibility in perennial ryegrass
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Material and Methods
2.2.1. Plant material
2.2.2. Trial design
2.2.3. Phenotyping
2.2.3.1. Wet chemical analysis and NIRS prediction
2.2.3.2. Derived biochemical data
2.2.4. Statistical analysis of the phenotypic data
2.2.4.1. General models and heritability
2.2.4.2. Drivers of OMD and NDFD
2.2.5. Genetic markers
2.2.6. Correction for heading date in spring
2.2.7. Population structure
2.2.8. MLMM method
2.3. Results
2.3.1. Impact of season on OMD and NDFD
2.3.2. Effect of cell wall content and cell wall digestibility on spring and autumn digestibility
2.3.3. The effect of cell wall composition on NDFD
2.3.4. GWAS
2.4. Discussion
2.4.1. Seasonal differences in OMD and NDFD among genotypes
2.4.2. NDFD and NDF determine OMD in both spring and autumn
2.4.3. Genetic control of digestibility
2.5. Key points for chapter 2
3. Dynamics of the quality during the lifespan of a leaf and a stem of perennial ryegrass: a survey of genotypes contrasting for their precocity and their quality
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Material and methods
3.2.1. Plant material
3.2.2. Trial design
3.2.3. Phenotyping
3.2.4. Wet chemical analysis and NIRS prediction
3.2.5. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data
3.3. Results
3.3.1. General description of the four genotypes
3.3.1.1. Description of leaves
3.3.1.2. Description of stems
3.3.2. Origin of DMD variability
3.3.2.1. In leaves: Senescence effect and leaf length
3.3.2.2. In stems: structural tissues and their digestibility
3.3.3. Consequences of DMD variation at the tiller level
3.4. Discussion
3.4.1. Leaves morphogenesis and quality
3.4.2. Stems morphogenesis and quality
3.4.3. Tillers morphogenesis and quality
3.5. Key points for chapter 3
4. General discussion
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