Ground soil moisture measurements

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Table of contents

1 Introduction 
1.1 Context
1.1.1 Climate change and interaction with water resources
1.1.2 Water resources in global scale
1.1.3 Water resources in regional scale
1.1.4 Water cycle and anthropogenic interventions
1.2 Water resources estimation
1.2.1 Hydrological models and land surface models
1.2.2 Measurements and remote sensing techniques
1.2.3 Challenges
1.3 About the thesis
1.3.1 Objectives
1.3.2 Structure of the thesis
2 Remote Sensing Principles 
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Electromagnetic waves
2.1.2 Characteristics of electromagnetic waves
2.2 Microwave remote sensing
2.2.1 Radar
2.2.2 Synthetic Aperture Radar
2.2.3 Imaging systems
2.2.3.1 Scattering mechanisms
2.2.3.2 Topographic eects
2.2.3.3 Speckle eect
2.2.3.4 Soil moisture principle
2.2.4 Ranging system and principle of altimetry
2.2.4.1 Trackers and Retrackers
2.2.4.2 Pulse-limited altimetry
2.2.4.3 SAR/Delay-Doppler altimetry
2.3 Conclusion
3 Study Area and Datasets 
3.1 Study area
3.1.1 Ebro basin
3.1.2 Urgell site
3.2 Remote sensing dataset
3.2.1 Sentinel data
3.2.2 MODIS data
3.2.3 DEM data
3.2.4 SMOS data
3.3 In situ data
3.3.1 Ground soil moisture measurements
3.3.2 Meteorological data
3.3.3 SIGPAC
3.3.4 SAIH Ebro
3.4 Conclusion
4 Soil Moisture Retrieval 
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methodologies
4.2.1 Backscatter dierence with the driest date
4.2.2 Backscatter dierence between two consecutive dates
4.3 Soil moisture at 1 km resolution
4.4 Soil moisture at 100 m resolution
4.5 Published paper
4.6 Summary and Conclusions
5 Irrigation Mapping 
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology
5.3 Published paper
5.4 Summary and Conclusions
6 Water Level Retrieval 
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methodologies
6.3 Published paper
6.4 Summary and Conclusions
7 Dam Simulation 
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Models
7.2.1 SURFEX land surface model
7.2.2 SAFRAN meteorological analysis system
7.2.3 SASER hydrological model
7.3 Methodology
7.3.1 Forcing model
7.3.2 Conversion from water level to volume
7.4 Results
7.4.1 Simulation
7.4.2 Satellite data forcing
7.5 Conclusion
8 Conclusions and Perspectives 
8.1 Main conclusions
8.2 Future research lines